Characterization and geochemistry of technogenic magnetic particles (TMPs) in contaminated industrial soils: Assessing health risk via ingestion

Untitled

“…Magnetic minerals found in urban dust and soils are irregularly shaped particles and lacy, vesicular alumino-siliceous spheres (2-300 μm) from different industrial sources. The magnetic phases may be irregular non-spherical aggregates of magnetic minerals that are mainly magnetite from vehicle emissions, and pure Fe particles (Bourliva et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2012).…”

“…Potentially harmful elements, such as heavy metals, can be absorbed in human bodies through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact (e.g., Bourliva et al, 2017). Inhalation directly exposes the lungs to airborne metals and is therefore considered a primary route of entry into the body (Hu et al, 2012).…”

“…Several studies use X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry to determine the total heavy metal content (e.g., Yang et al, 2007;Aguilar Reyes et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2012). A mineralogical characterization can be performed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD; Bourliva et al, 2017). X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDX) is applied to identify the elemental composition (Yang et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2012;Bourliva et al, 2017).…”

“…A mineralogical characterization can be performed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD; Bourliva et al, 2017). X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDX) is applied to identify the elemental composition (Yang et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2012;Bourliva et al, 2017).…”

“…Anthropogenic particulate matter (PM) accounts for about 10% of the total global aerosol amount, but with large regional differences (Perrino et al, 2010). The dangers posed by pollutants to health, the environmental system, and the atmospheric radiation budget have been shown in numerous studies (e.g., Pope III et al, 1992;Luo et al, 2012;Maher et al, 2016;Salmani-Ghabeshi et al, 2016;Song et al, 2016;Bourliva et al, 2017;Cao, 2017). Current investigations focus on the identification of highly polluted areas through direct monitoring, (bio)magnetic monitoring, backward modeling of sources and pathways of pollutant agents, and forecasts of high-pollution events.…”