Characterization and Genome Analysis of a Novel Marine Alteromonas Phage P24

Zhang, Xinran; Liu, Huan; Wang, Min; Wang, Meiwen; Jiang, Yong; Sun, Jianhua; Gao, Chen; Guo, Cui; Shao, Hongbing; McMinn, Andrew

doi:10.1007/s00284-020-02077-1

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Through a phylogenetic analysis of the X2 phage genomic sequence, X2 phages clustered with Xoo phage OP2 and other OP2-like phages, such as XPP1, XPP2, XPP3, XPP4, XPP6, XPP8, XPP9, XPV1, XPV2 and XPV3, and were well separated from the other Xoo phages OP1 and OP1-like phages, such as Xop411 and XP10 (Figure 2A). Similar results were obtained from a phylogenetic analysis of Terl gene sequence encoding the terminase large subunit (Figure 2B), which is considered to be a highly conserved gene [31,32]. A comparison of the available genomic data of Xoo phages revealed that phage X2 should be classified as an OP2-like phage due to the greater similarity phage X2 has with OP2-like phages rather than OP1-like phages (Table 3).…”

Section: Analysis Of Phage X2 Genomesupporting

confidence: 76%

The Holin-Endolysin Lysis System of the OP2-Like Phage X2 Infecting Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Zhang

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Most endolysins of dsDNA phages are exported by a holin-dependent mechanism, while in some cases endolysins are exported via a holin-independent mechanism. However, it is still unclear whether the same endolysins can be exported by both holin-dependent and holin-independent mechanisms. This study investigated the lysis system of OP2-like phage X2 infecting Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, causing devastating bacterial leaf blight disease in rice. Based on bioinformatics and protein biochemistry methods, we show that phage X2 employs the classic "holin-endolysin" lysis system. The endolysin acts on the cell envelope and exhibits antibacterial effects in vitro, while the holin facilitates the release of the protein into the periplasm. We also characterized the role of the transmembrane domain (TMD) in the translocation of the endolysin across the inner membrane. We found that the TMD facilitated the translocation of the endolysin via the Sec secretion system. The holin increases the efficiency of protein release, leading to faster and more efficient lysis. Interestingly, in E. coli, the expression of either holin or endolysin with TMDs resulted in the formation of long rod shaped cells. We conclude that the TMD of X2-Lys plays a dual role: One is the transmembrane transport while the other is the inhibition of cell division, resulting in larger cells and thus in a higher number of released viruses per cell.

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Section: Analysis Of Phage X2 Genomesupporting

confidence: 76%

The Holin-Endolysin Lysis System of the OP2-Like Phage X2 Infecting Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Zhang

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…Genes related to the replication and regulation of bacteriophage DNA were mainly located in the downstream region of the ZP6 genome. ORF 12 was predicted to encode a member of the Gcn5-related N -acetyltransferase (GNAT) superfamily, which is a large group of evolutionarily related acetyltransferases with multiple paralogs in organisms from all kingdoms of life ( 31 ). The GNAT protein encoded by phiKMV-like viruses has the biological function of the RNA polymerase alpha subunit cleavage protein (Rac) ( 46 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome and Ecology of a NovelAlteromonasPodovirus, ZP6, Representing a New Viral Genus,Mareflavirus

et al. 2021

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“…The burst size is an important criterion that should be estimated to understand the replication dynamics of the isolated phage [39]. It was reported that burst sizes are variable in Siphovirus (between 60 and 147 PFU/mL), whereas latent periods and rise times range from 16 to 55 min and 24 to 65 min, respectively [40,41]. Phages have different activities against bacteria, including (i) bacteriostatic activity that stops the bacterial growth, as in Acinetobacter baumannii after 360 min of incubation with phages [42,43], and P. aeruginosa [44]; and (ii) bacteriolytic activity, represented by the reduction in bacterial OD 600 from starting concentration, as in A. baumannii [45] and Aeromonas hydrophila [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophage ZCSE6 against Salmonella spp.: Phage Application in Milk

et al. 2021

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Food safety is very important in the food industry as most pathogenic bacteria can cause food-borne diseases and negatively affect public health. In the milk industry, contamination with Salmonella has always been a challenge, but the risks have dramatically increased as almost all bacteria now show resistance to a wide range of commercial antibiotics. This study aimed to isolate a bacteriophage to be used as a bactericidal agent against Salmonella in milk and dairy products. Here, phage ZCSE6 has been isolated from raw milk sample sand molecularly and chemically characterized. At different multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001, the phage–Salmonella interaction was studied for 6 h at 37 °C and 24 h at 8 °C. In addition, ZCSE6 was tested against Salmonella contamination in milk to examine its lytic activity for 3 h at 37 °C. The results showed that ZCSE6 has a small genome size (<48.5 kbp) and belongs to the Siphovirus family. Phage ZCSE6 revealed a high thermal and pH stability at various conditions that mimic milk manufacturing and supply chain conditions. It also demonstrated a significant reduction in Salmonella concentration in media at various MOIs, with higher bacterial eradication at higher MOI. Moreover, it significantly reduced Salmonella growth (MOI 1) in milk, manifesting a 1000-fold decrease in bacteria concentration following 3 h incubation at 37 °C. The results highlighted the strong ability of ZCSE6 to kill Salmonella and control its growth in milk. Thus, ZCSE6 is recommended as a biocontrol agent in milk to limit bacterial growth and increase the milk shelf-life.

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Characterization and Genome Analysis of a Novel Marine Alteromonas Phage P24

Cited by 21 publications

References 40 publications

The Holin-Endolysin Lysis System of the OP2-Like Phage X2 Infecting Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

The Holin-Endolysin Lysis System of the OP2-Like Phage X2 Infecting Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Genome and Ecology of a NovelAlteromonasPodovirus, ZP6, Representing a New Viral Genus,Mareflavirus

Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophage ZCSE6 against Salmonella spp.: Phage Application in Milk

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