Characterization and Extractability of Copper, Manganese, and Zinc in Swine Manure Composts

Abstract

Swine (Sus domesticus) manure was comprehensively characterized with respect to Cu, Mn, and Zn in feed additives. This research was conducted to study the leachability and identify factors influencing the leachability of these elements from separated swine manure (SSM) composts to assess its environmental hazard. Several chemical properties were determined to assess the degree of maturity of eight SSM composts. A series of extraction schemes were used to determine base‐extractable metals and their distribution on humic substance fractions (humic acid, HA; fulvic acid, FA; and nonhumic fraction, NHF), chemical fractionation, synthetic acid rainwater (SAR) solubility, and extractability at various pH levels of metals in composts. We evaluated the influence of dissolved organic carbon from compost on the extractability of these metals. The SSM composts were enriched with Cu (154–1380 mg kg−1), Mn (239–976 mg kg−1), and Zn (372–2840 mg kg−1). The SAR and neutral‐pH extractable fractions of Cu, Mn, Zn, and organic C were generally low (<10% of their total content). Copper leachability in Sample F2 compost, however, was high (20%), resulting from immaturity and associated substantial dissolution of organic C (18%). High extractability (86%) of Cu from humic substances (HS) extraction and at high pH levels (>8) resulted from dissolution of organic matter. Conversely, the extractability of Mn and Zn at alkaline pH levels was low. The major portions of Cu, Mn, and Zn were found in the organic, oxide, and carbonate fractions, respectively, regardless of their content in these composts. The results of this study show that Cu in SSM compost is primarily bound to organics.

Application of neural network model for the prediction of chromium concentration in phytoremediated contaminated soils

“…If Cr in the soil is converted to trivalent oxide or co-precipitated with Fe hydrous oxide or organic matter, it is likely to remain stable for a long time. Our results agree with those of Hsu et al (2000), who reported that the high affinity of metals for CPM had two-sided consequences. The first is that in the presence of DOC the mobility of trace elements increases by forming complexes with the humic acid and fulvic acid, leading to the high mobility and availability of metals to plants.…”

“…The second variable used in our work was DOC. Hsu et al (2000) noted that the addition of amendment to the soil increased the soil DOC compared to that of untreated soil, which led to increasing plant mass, reducing the bioavailability of metals by forming ligands with dissolved organic matter. The third parameter was EC.…”

“…However, soil amendments such as pH (KabataPendias et al. 2000;Jackson et al, 2000), DOC (Hsu et al, 2000), and EC (Laing et al, 2009;Hatje et al, 2003) can be used to change the soil condition and reduce the high concentration of Cr in contaminated soils (Mench and Bes, 2009;Bes and Mench, 2008). Amendments that induce solubility can be used to clean polluted sites by leaching the contaminating trace elements or by facilitating their uptake by plants (phytoextraction) (Kolbas et al, 2011).…”

Comparison of Two High-Yielding Rice Varieties, Kita-aoba and Tachijobu, for Hokkaido, Northern Japan, and Effects of Swine Compost Application on the Growth and Grain Yield of Tachijobu

“…The effect of long-term application requires further study. Although an excess of manganese, zinc, and copper in the soil sometimes occurs with swine compost application (Hsu and Lo, 2000), an excess of those elements was not observed in the present study (data not shown). However, the effect of long-term application on the accumulation of heavy metals should be carefully investigated, together with the residual effect of nitrogen.…”

Chemical Fractionation of Heavy Metals in Surface Runoff and Associated Sediments of Ile- Ife and Oshogbo Township

“…The speciation analysis of Pb in the sediment samples of Osogbo indicated that the mean levels of Pb appear according to the following decreasing order: bound to organic matter > bound to carbonate > residual > bound to Fe-Mn oxide > exchangeable. The high Pb levels identified in the carbonate and residual fractions in Ile-Ife indicates its potential environmental leachability [20]. An acidic environment enhances the mobility of metals in the environment.…”