Characterization and Expression Profiling of KRTAP9.2 at Different Developmental Stages of Pashmina Fiber in Changthangi Goat

Abstract

Background: Keratin-associated protein’s (KRTAPs) are the major constituent proteins of cashmere fibre and have been implicated to have an important effect on the quality traits of this commercially valuable fibre. The objective of the present study was to determine the molecular characteristics of KRTAP9.2 gene in Pashmina (Cashmere) goat, known as Changthangi breed in J and K, India and well known for its finest fiber quality. Methods: We have studied the KRTAP9.2 gene expression status in hair follicles at different fiber development stages viz Anagen (growth) and Telogen (rest) in Changthangi goats of Kashmir and Ladakh region by performing quantitative Real Time PCR from fresh skin biopsies using gene specific primers. Furthermore, KRTAP9.2 structural models were generated and validated using various Bioinformatic tools. Result: Phylogenetic studies reveal close relation of KRTAP9.2 gene with Pantholops hodgsonii KRTAP9.2 (XM-005964828.1) and Ovis aries musimon KRTAP9.9 (XM-012152535.1). In our study we predicted a total of 20 KRTAP9.2 protein structures by QUARK and LOMET server and 5 structures by RaptorX, moreover, the validity of predicted structures was checked by using different parameters like RMSD value, C-Score, TM-value and ramachandran values, all parameters suggested structure predicted by RaptorX as better in our case. Real time PCR results showed expression of KRTAP9.2 in Pashmina hair follicles with a higher expression at the Telogen stage as compared to the Anagen stage. Owing to the structural importance of KRTAPs, such studies are indispensable for deciphering the molecular mechanism of pashmina growth which in turn will improve production, quality and diversity of pashmina fiber.

Influence of Biofertilizers and Phosphorus on Growth, Yield and Economics of Field Pea (Pisum sativum, Fabaceae)

“…Further significant and maximum number of branches/plant was recorded with the application of 70kg/ha P₂O₅ because phosphorus boosts Rhizobium activity, which improves N fixation in the root nodules as well as promotes better plant growth and development which lead to the enhanced cell division in addition to growth brought on by higher phosphorus levels which showed the production of more apical bud primordia and ultimately, more branches. Similar results were also reported by Bhat et al [6].…”

“…Significant and higher harvest index was recorded with application of Rhizobium along with PSB that might be due to increased and balanced availability of both N and P in dual inoculation which could be attributable to seed inoculation with bio-fertilizers, because of the increased nitrogenase activity and accessible P status of the soil, the synergistic effect of Rhizobium and PSB may have increased growth, yield characteristics, and eventually higher harvest index values observed with dual inoculation indicated increased photosynthate production and translocation to the sink. Similar reports were also recorded by Bhat et al [6].…”

“…Therefore, introduction of efficient strains of Rhizobium and PSB in soil, which is poor in nitrogen, may help in boosting up production and consequently more nitrogen fixation. Being a legume crop, major portion of N requirement of the crop is met through biological nitrogen fixation" [6].…”

“…"Phosphorus is known to play an important role in growth and development of the crop and have direct relation with root proliferation, straw strength, grain formation, crop maturation and crop quality. The requirement of P, which is essential for root growth and nodulation, has to be largely fulfilled through inorganic fertilizers" [6]. Keeping in view the above fact, the experiment was conducted to assess the influence of phosphorus and bio-fertilizers on the growth and yield of field pea (Pisum sativum).…”