Characterization and expression of uterine and placental alkaline phosphatases in the mouse

Pollard, Jeffrey W.; Jahan, M. Sarwar; Butterworth, Peter J.

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0890735

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…tion for 5'-NT and to its selectivity for the primary decidua. The histochemical AMPase reaction described in the present study was attributed specifically to 5'-NT activity on the basis of demonstrable sensitivity to c+methylene-ADP, a specific inhibitor of placental 5'-NT (Maguire e t al., 1984), and lack of sensitivity of the reaction to levamisole, a n inhibitor of placental alkaline phosphatase (Pollard et al, 1990). These observations, together with corresponding Northern blot data, suggest that 5'-NT expression was primarily associated with the primary decidua.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…They were rinsed, developed for 2 min with 2% ammonium sulfide, and coverslipped. Specific demonstration of 5'-NT activity required the inhibition of alkaline phosphatase (AP), a n enzyme also capable of dephosphorylating AMP in fixed specimens, with 1 mM levamisole added to the reaction mixture (Pollard et al, 1990). Control reactions included inhibition of 5'-NT activity with 0.5 mM adenosine 5'-methylene diphosphonate (a$-methylene-ADP) (Burger and Lowenstein, 1970;Maguire et al, 1984;Abd-Elfattah and Wechsler, 1987;Matsubara et al, 1987); and demonstration of AP activity using P-glycerophosphate in place of AMP (Hall, 1971).…”

Section: Histochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adenosine levels in the postimplantation mouse uterus: Quantitation by HPLC‐fluorometric detection and spatiotemporal regulation by 5′‐nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase

Blackburn

Gao

Airhart

et al. 1992

Developmental Dynamics

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Extracellular adenosine has the potential to influence many aspects of target cell metabolism. The present study has determined the endogenous levels of adenosine in the pregnant mouse uterus and developing embryodecidual unit with respect to the expression of two key enzymes of adenosine metabolism, 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT; EC 3.1.3.5) and adenosine deaminase (ADA; EC 3.5.4.4). To measure adenosine levels, nucleoside extracts were etheno-derivatized and quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (0.03 pmollmg protein sensitivity). Adenosine levels were determined to be 0.18 nmol/mg protein in the nonpregnant uterus; however, two statistically significant changes were identified in the pregnant uterus: (1) a periimplantation surge between day 3 (0.24 nmoVmg protein) and day 5 (0.59 nmoYmg protein) of gestation (plug day 0; implantation day 4); and (2) an early postimplantation decline between day 6 (0.54 nmollmg protein) and day 7 (0.10 nmollmg protein). The periimplantation adenosine surge coincided with uterine expression of 5'-NT, an enzyme which catalyzes the irreversible dephosphorylation of 5'-AMP to adenosine. 5'-NT expression was shown by Northern blot analysis to peak in the embryo-decidual unit on day 5 of gestation and then to decline through day 9; transcripts remained elevated in the placenta between day 9 and day 13 (the latest day examined in this study). By use of specific enzyme histochemistry, most 5'-NT activity was localized to the primary decidual :zone on day 5. This expression subsequently declined during regression of the primary decidua; however, 5'-NT appeared on giant trophoblast ((days 7-13) and the metrial gland (days 11-13).Other purine catabolic enzymes degrading AMP (adenylate deaminase) or generating adenosine (S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase) were not detected in the embryo-decidual unit suggesting that the net flux of utero-placental AMP catabolism proceeds with adenosine as an intermediate, this being the major pathway of adenosine formation.The sharp drop in adenosine levels between day 6 and day 7 coincided with a rise in the activity and mRNA expression of ADA, an enzyme which catalyzes the irreversible deamination of adenosine to inosine. ADA was previously localized to the secondary decidual zone (days 6 1 l), secondary giant cells (days 7-13), and spongiotrophoblasts (days 8-13) in the mouse (Knudsen et al., 1991). Results of developmental Northern blot analysis demonstrated a direct correlation of relative 5'-NT/ADA mRNA band intensity to adenosine content between day 4 and day 9 of gestation, suggesting that the local availability of adenosine in the antimesometrium is dependent upon the distribution of these enzymatic activities. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase and xanthine oxidase, which are two catabolic enzymes acting subsequent to 5'-NT and ADA in the sequential degradation of AMP to xanthine, remained low and constant in the tissues examined suggesting that the catabolic pathway is geared toward regulation of adenosine le...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Histochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenosine levels in the postimplantation mouse uterus: Quantitation by HPLC‐fluorometric detection and spatiotemporal regulation by 5′‐nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase

Blackburn

Gao

Airhart

et al. 1992

Developmental Dynamics

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“…Characteristically, decidualizing cells hypertrophy, express high levels of alkaline phosphatase (7,8), and synthesize extracellular matrix material, including type IV collagen, laminin, entactin, and fibronectin (9)(10)(11). Analysis of mouse mutants in which decidualization (as opposed to attachment) fails to occur has identified a requirement for genes expressed in the uterine epithelium and͞or stromal cells of the implantation site.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and molecular responses of the uterus to embryo implantation can be elicited by locally applied growth factors

Paria

Ma²,

Tan³

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

331

299

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The implantation of a blastocyst into a receptive uterus is associated with a series of events, namely the attachment reaction followed by decidualization of the stroma. Previous studies established that the gene encoding heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is expressed in the luminal epithelium solely at the site of blastocyst apposition preceding the attachment reaction. We report here the expression during implantation of 21 genes encoding other signaling proteins, including those belonging to the Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), WNT, and Hedgehog (HH) pathways. We find that the attachment reaction is associated with a localized stromal induction of genes encoding BMP-2, FGF-2, and WNT-4. Despite efforts by many investigators, a simple in vitro model of implantation is not yet available to study either the hierarchy of the events triggered in the uterus by the embryo or the function of individual signaling proteins. We have therefore approached these questions by introducing beads loaded with purified factors into the receptive uterus. We show that beads soaked in HB-EGF or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), but not other proteins, induce many of the same discrete local responses elicited by the blastocyst, including increased localized vascular permeability, decidualization, and expression of Bmp2 at the sites of the beads. By contrast, the expression domains of Indian hedgehog (Ihh), patched, and noggin become restricted as decidualization proceeds. Significantly, beads containing BMP-2 do not themselves elicit an implantation response but affect the spacing of implantation sites induced by blastocysts cotransferred with the beads.

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“…Expression of separate AP genes in the labyrinth and decidua would explain the lack of detectable T N A P messenger in the latter. However, the possibility of distinct placental and uterine AP genes has been examined by Pollard and coworkers, and their results from Northern hybridization analyses and protein studies did not support the idea of two different genes (Pollard et al 1990). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of alkaline phosphatase in the mature mouse placenta visualized by in situ hybridization and enzyme histochemistry

et al. 1993

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Alkaline phosphatases (APs) are a family of cell surface glycoproteins that are expressed in a variety of tissues. Their physiological functions are still unclear. Three different AP genes have been found to be expressed in mice, and AP cloned from the placenta is of the tissue non-specific (TNAP) type. We have in investigated the location of TNAP mRNA and active AP in mature mouse placenta, using in situ hybridization and enzyme histochemistry on serial sections. Digital image analysis was used to estimate relative amounts of TNAP mRNA. Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase messenger was detected only in the placental labyrinth, whereas active AP was present both in the labyrinth and in a zone of cells at the margin of the decidua basalis, bordering the myometrium and the metrial gland. This latter location of AP activity has not been described previously. The AP-positive zone of the decidua had a condensed appearance and a central defect in the zone was visible on sections taken from the middle of the placenta. No TNAP messenger was found in the zone of AP-positive decidual cells.

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Characterization and expression of uterine and placental alkaline phosphatases in the mouse

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Adenosine levels in the postimplantation mouse uterus: Quantitation by HPLC‐fluorometric detection and spatiotemporal regulation by 5′‐nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase

Adenosine levels in the postimplantation mouse uterus: Quantitation by HPLC‐fluorometric detection and spatiotemporal regulation by 5′‐nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase

Cellular and molecular responses of the uterus to embryo implantation can be elicited by locally applied growth factors

Expression of alkaline phosphatase in the mature mouse placenta visualized by in situ hybridization and enzyme histochemistry

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