Characterization and evaluation of the leachability of bottom ash from a mobile emergency incinerator of COVID-19 medical waste: A case study in Huoshenshan Hospital, Wuhan, China

Miao, Jiahe; Li, Jining; Wang, Fenghe; Xia, Xinyi; Deng, Shaopo; Zhang, Shengtian

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114161

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The chemical properties contained in the ash consisted mostly of CaO (38.534%), Cl (%30.75), Al2O3 (6.9%), Fe2O3 (1.097%), and SiO2 (7.963%) [24]. This is in line with research conducted by J. Miao et al and Krishnamurthy and Chella that CaO compounds have the largest composition in bottom ash [19,25]. Ca compounds contributed the largest to bottom ash because the type of waste burned mostly came from health equipment such as protective clothing, face masks, and goggles made of polypropylene (PP) [26,27].…”

Section: Characteristics Of Health Service Facilities Ash Wastesupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Incineration using an incinerator is one method that has proven to be effective in treating medical waste. Several countries use this system to overcome the problem of medical waste caused by the COVID-19 virus, such as China, Indonesia, and Italy [19,20]. Moewardi Hospital has an incinerator type MS-2PSI with a capacity of 200 kg/hour and a chimney height (from ground level) of 17.4 meters.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment Of Health Service Facility Ash Waste Based On Policy (Case Study Of Moewardi Hospital Surakarta)

Rachmawati

Syafrudin

Budiyono

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The thermal process is one of the processes used in the treatment of solid waste generated from the activities of health service facilities (hospitals, health centers, clinics). The risk in the incineration process is the ash produced, the ash produced contains hazardous and toxic compounds so management needs to be carried out according to Government Regulations Ministry of Health RI number 56 of year 2015 and Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 9 of 2019. The purpose of this study was to find out how to handle health service facilities’ waste ash following applicable standards and friendly to the environment. This research is qualitative descriptive research. The research was conducted at the Moewardi Hospital Installation section. Sources of data in this study came from primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques were carried out by collecting data through interviews with sanitation employees and incinerator operators, reviewing documents, and field observations. Waste that can be treated with an incinerator is waste generated in health service activities such as syringes, bottles/ampoules, infusion needles. Management of incinerator combustion ash is carried out based on applicable regulations. The utilization of incinerator ash needed to be an environmentally friendly and sustainable product.

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Section: Characteristics Of Health Service Facilities Ash Wastesupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment Of Health Service Facility Ash Waste Based On Policy (Case Study Of Moewardi Hospital Surakarta)

Rachmawati

Syafrudin

Budiyono

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…The chemical properties of the ash incineration from medical waste were mostly CaO, Cl, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and SiO2 (Akyıldız et al, 2017). CaO compounds have the largest composition in ash from combusted medical waste (Miao et al, 2022;Patel & Devatha, 2019). Ca compounds contributed the most to ash-combusted medical waste because many types of waste were burned, including face masks, protective clothing, and glasses made of polypropylene (Pechyen & Ummartyotin, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Improper management of medical waste ashes can cause soil and water pollution and affect the health of the environment and surrounding communities. Miao et al, (2022) stated that Pb and Cu compounds tended to increase in bottom ash during the combustion process using an incinerator, whereas most of Cd was in fly ash and the rest remained in bottom ash.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Waste Incineration Ash Waste: Impact On Environmental Health And Its Potential To Be Used For Paving Blocks

Rachmawati,

Syafrudin,

Budiyono

2023

Kemas

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: It is known that medical waste has increased in recent years due to the Covid-19 pandemic, which was followed by an increase in ash from burning medical waste processing using incinerators. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of using medical waste incineration ashes on health and the environment, as well as the potential for using solidification techniques to make the ash into paving blocks. The ash used was obtained from a medical waste processing facility in Surakarta, Indonesia's Central Java. The test object was created using seven different combinations of ash, sand, and cement with a water-cement ration of 0.5 and cured for 28 days. The optimum compressive strength condition was determined as the basis for the composition of medical waste incineration ash as a mixture of paving block raw materials, which was then tested for the content of heavy metal compounds using the SNI 8808: 2019 method. According to research, the ash from medical waste incineration contains heavy metal compounds such as Pb, Ni, Cu, and Cd and has the potential to be used as a mortar mixture. Six of the seven mortar compositions with the addition of incineration medical waste ash met the compressive strength requirements of SNI 03-0691-1996 for category D paving blocks to be used in parks and other places.

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“…After the COVID-19 break, the Chinese government sent a large number of medical staff to Wuhan from all over the country and established several temporary hospitals, which greatly relieved the pressure on the medical system in Wuhan [ 35 , 36 ]. However, due to the still large number of COVID-19 cases, the accessibility of medical services in Wuhan is still lower than that in other parts of China, which leads to a longer ODI for COVID-19 patients in Wuhan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decline of onset-to-diagnosis interval and its impacts on clinical outcome of COVID-19 in China: a nation-wide observational study

Che

Wang

et al. 2022

BMC Infect Dis

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Background To quantitatively assess the impact of the onset-to-diagnosis interval (ODI) on severity and death for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Methods This retrospective study was conducted based on the data on COVID-19 cases of China over the age of 40 years reported through China’s National Notifiable Infectious Disease Surveillance System from February 5, 2020 to October 8, 2020. The impacts of ODI on severe rate (SR) and case fatality rate (CFR) were evaluated at individual and population levels, which was further disaggregated by sex, age and geographic origin. Results As the rapid decline of ODI from around 40 days in early January to < 3 days in early March, both CFR and SR of COVID-19 largely dropped below 5% in China. After adjusting for age, sex, and region, an effect of ODI on SR was observed with the highest OR of 2.95 (95% CI 2.37‒3.66) at Day 10–11 and attributable fraction (AF) of 29.1% (95% CI 22.2‒36.1%) at Day 8–9. However, little effect of ODI on CFR was observed. Moreover, discrepancy of effect magnitude was found, showing a greater effect from ODI on SR among patients of male sex, younger age, and those cases in Wuhan. Conclusion The ODI was significantly associated with the severity of COVID-19, highlighting the importance of timely diagnosis, especially for patients who were confirmed to gain increased benefit from early diagnosis to some extent.

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Characterization and evaluation of the leachability of bottom ash from a mobile emergency incinerator of COVID-19 medical waste: A case study in Huoshenshan Hospital, Wuhan, China

Cited by 15 publications

References 40 publications

Assessment Of Health Service Facility Ash Waste Based On Policy (Case Study Of Moewardi Hospital Surakarta)

Assessment Of Health Service Facility Ash Waste Based On Policy (Case Study Of Moewardi Hospital Surakarta)

Medical Waste Incineration Ash Waste: Impact On Environmental Health And Its Potential To Be Used For Paving Blocks

Decline of onset-to-diagnosis interval and its impacts on clinical outcome of COVID-19 in China: a nation-wide observational study

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