Characterization and evaluation of the pathogenicity of a natural recombinant transmissible gastroenteritis virus in China

Guo, Rong; Fan, Baochao; Chang, Xinjian; Zhou, Jinzhu; Zhao, Yongxiang; Shi, Danyi; Yu, Zhengyu; He, Kongwang; Li, Bin

doi:10.1016/j.virol.2020.03.001

Cited by 37 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Importantly, CoVs are subjected to high-frequency recombination events with rates of about 20% during mixed infection of cells with closely related viruses [ 69 ]. Such “mosaic” recombination was responsible for the natural evolution of novel viruses as reported in SARS-CoV [ 70 , 71 ] and MERS-CoV [ 72 ] in addition to other CoVs [ 73 , 74 , 75 ]. In vitro, the generation of chimeric coronaviruses with high replication efficiency in human cells has been frequently described [ 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ].…”

Section: Coronavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Animal Hosts

2020

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COVID-19 is the first known pandemic caused by a coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which is the third virus in the family Coronaviridae to cause fatal infections in humans after SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Animals are involved in the COVID-19 pandemic. This review summarizes the role of animals as reservoirs, natural hosts and experimental models. SARS-CoV-2 originated from animal reservoir, most likely bats and/or pangolins. Anthroponotic transmission has been reported in cats, dogs, tigers, lions and minks. As of now, there is no a strong evidence for natural animal-to-human transmission or sustained animal-to-animal transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Experimental infections conducted by several research groups have shown that monkeys, hamsters, ferrets, cats, tree shrews, transgenic mice and fruit bats were permissive, while dogs, pigs and poultry were resistant. There is an urgent need to understand the zoonotic potential of different viruses in animals, particularly in bats, before they transmit to humans. Vaccines or antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 should be evaluated not only for humans, but also for the protection of companion animals (particularly cats) and susceptible zoo and farm animals.

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Section: Coronavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Animal Hosts

2020

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“…The genome contains nine open reading frames (ORFs), which encode four structural proteins and five non-structural proteins: the spike glycoprotein (S); envelope protein (E); membrane glycoprotein (M); nucleocapsid protein (N); replicases 1a and 1b; ORF 3a and 3b proteins; and ORF 7 protein. The genes of TGEV are arranged in the order of 5′-rep-S-3a-3b-E-M-N-ORF7-3′ ( 4 – 6 ). The mutation in the spikes protein may be an important indicator for evaluating the tropism and virulence of TGEV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of a Porcine Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus in Northeast China

Yuan

Yan

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is a coronavirus (CoV) that is a major pathogenity of viral enteritis and diarrhea in suckling piglets, causing high morbidity and mortality. In this study, a TGEV strain HQ2016 was isolated from northeast China and characterized its genome sequence and pathogenicity. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the TGEV HQ2016 strain was more similar to the TGEV Purdue cluster than to the Miller cluster. Both recombination and phylogenetic analysis based on each structural and non-structural gene revealed no recombination event in the HQ2016 strain. Experimental infection study using colostrum-deprived newborn piglets successfully showed that the HQ2016 can cause clinical symptoms including anorexia and yellow-to-whitish watery diarrhea, which are characteristics of TGE, in the inoculated piglets 48 h post-inoculation. These results provide valuable information about the evolution of the porcine CoVs.

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“…The disease is still reported on an occasional basis from parts of Europe, North America and Asia [ 98 , 99 ]. Recently, an epidemic field strain TGEV (JS2012) was isolated from a pig farm in China and characterized as a novel natural recombinant virulent strain [ 100 ]. In the US, modified live and inactivated vaccines against TGEV are available, however, due to the declining prevalence, the need for vaccination is also declining [ 101 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Viral Loads and Inactivation Kinetics of Livestock Viruses Relevant for Natural Casing Production: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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Animal intestines are the source of edible sausage casings, which are traded worldwide and may come from areas where notifiable infectious animal diseases are prevalent. To estimate the risks of virus contamination, knowledge about the quantity of virus and decimal reduction values of the standard preservation method by salting is of great importance. A literature search, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, was performed in search engine CAB Abstracts to determine the viral load of 14 relevant animal viruses in natural casings or intestines. Only a very limited number of scientific publications per virus were found and viral loads in the intestines varied from high for ASFV (five publications), BVDV (3), CSFV (6), PPRV (3), RPV(2) and TGEV (3) to moderate for PEDV (2) and SVDV (3), low for HEV (2) and FMDV (5), very low for VESV (1) and negative for PrV (2) and VSV (1). PRRSV was found in intestines, however, viral titers were not published. Three viruses (BVDV, CSFV and PPRV) with high viral loads were selected to search for their inactivation kinetics. For casings, no inactivation data were found, however, thermal inactivation data of these viruses were available, but differed in quantity, quality and matrices. In conclusion, important data gaps still exist when it comes to the quantitative inactivation of viruses in sausage casings or livestock intestines.

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Characterization and evaluation of the pathogenicity of a natural recombinant transmissible gastroenteritis virus in China

Cited by 37 publications

References 34 publications

Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Animal Hosts

Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Animal Hosts

Isolation and Characterization of a Porcine Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus in Northeast China

Intestinal Viral Loads and Inactivation Kinetics of Livestock Viruses Relevant for Natural Casing Production: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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