Characterization and Evaluation of Osseointegration of Modified PEEK Implants Using Nanohydroxyapatite Particles: Laboratory and Experimental Study

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:Polyetherether ketone (PEEK) is a semicrystalline thermoplastic polymer that has been proposed as a substitute for metals in dental implants biomaterials because of its mechanical and biological properties. OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed to prepare and characterize PEEK implant materials modified by different methods using nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite to overcome its limited bioactivity. The study also evaluated the ability of the modified PEEK implant to enhance osseointegration in a rabbit model. METHODS: Four groups of PEEK specimens were prepared. Group1: specimens were constructed from untreated PEEK (control group), group2: specimens were coated with nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite (nHA) after etching the PEEK surfaces with sulfuric acid (98%) for one minute, group3: specimens were be coated with nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite (nHA) after PEEK surfaces treatment with Nd: YAG laser and group4: specimens were be constructed from melt-blended PEEK powder with nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite (nHA/PEEK). Each of the four groups were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EXD), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), contact angle measuring device and flexural strength test. The ability of each of the four groups to enhance bone osseointegration was evaluated in a rabbit model, by using histomorphometrical analysis. RESULTS: Data was collected, summarized and statistically analyzed using the suitable methods. CONCLUSION: PEEK biocompatibility and its chemical inertness can be improved with coating the surface with nano sized HA or mix blended of PEEK with nHA which does not affect its mechanical strength.

Polyether ether ketone coated with nanohydroxyapatite/graphene oxide composite promotes bioactivity and antibacterial activity at the surface of the material

“…The presence of PEEK diffraction peaks in the XRD pattern of the nHA/GO composite coating is consistent with other studies [9,58,59]. The observed low intensity diffraction peaks at 25.4 and 31.8 2Θ 0 correspond to crystallographic planes (002 and 211) of hydroxyapatite [9,42,60] and indicates a thin coating thickness.…”

“…The increased wettability of the composite coating is due to the oxygen functional group present in the structure of graphene oxide [61, 62]. The hydrophilicity of the pure nHA coating is due to OH groups in the structure of nHA particles [59]. Similar results were noted in the previous studies of Fardi et al.…”

“…The increased wettability of the composite coating is due to the oxygen functional group present in the structure of graphene oxide [61,62]. The hydrophilicity of the pure nHA coating is due to OH groups in the structure of nHA particles [59]. Similar results were noted in the previous studies of Fardi et al and Shi et al [46,62] for the coating of titanium with graphene oxide-chitosan-hydroxyapatite nano-composite and hydroxyapatite-1 wt% graphene oxide nano-composite where the contact angle was 54 0 and 59 0 , respectively.…”