Characterization and evaluation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human embryonic stem cells and bone marrow

Abstract

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been studied for years as primary cell sources for regenerative biology and medicine. MSCs have been derived from cell and tissue sources, such as bone marrow (BM), and more recently from ESCs. This study investigated MSCs derived from BM, H1- and H9-ESC lines in terms of morphology, surface marker and growth factor receptor expression, proliferative capability, modulation of immune cell growth and multipotency, in order to evaluate ESC-MSCs as a cell source for potential regenerative applications. The results showed that ESC-MSCs exhibited spindle-shaped morphology similar to BM-MSCs but of various sizes, and flow cytometric immunophenotyping revealed expression of characteristic MSC surface markers on all tested cell lines except H9-derived MSCs. Differences in growth factor receptor expression were also shown between cell lines. In addition, ESC-MSCs showed greater capabilities for cell proliferation, and suppression of leukocyte growth compared to BM-MSCs. Using standard protocols, induction of ESC-MSC differentiation along the adipogenic, osteogenic, or chondrogenic lineages was less effective compared to that of BM-MSCs. By adding bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) into transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1)-supplemented induction medium, chondrogenesis of ESC-MSCs was significantly enhanced. Our findings suggest that ESC-MSCs and BM-MSCs show differences in their surface marker profiles and the capacities of proliferation, immunomodulation, and most importantly multi-lineage differentiation. Using modified chondrogenic medium with BMP7 and TGFβ1, H1-MSCs can be effectively induced as BM-MSCs for chondrogenesis.

Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) Have a Superior Neuroprotective Capacity Over Fetal MSCs in the Hypoxic-Ischemic Mouse Brain

“…Various groups have previously documented the increased proliferative potential of PSC‐MSCs in comparison to BM‐MSCs but we are the first to compare PSC‐MSCs to fetal MSCs. We observed that ES‐MSCs proliferate at an increased rate in comparison to amniotic fluid‐derived MSCs (Fig.…”

In vivomagnetic resonance imaging of iron oxide-labeled, intravenous-injected mesenchymal stem cells in kidneys of rabbits with acute ischemic kidney injury: detection and monitoring at 1.5 T

“…Using these cells also avoids the ethical ambiguities like using embryonic stem cells. 17 Several previous studies also demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells could recruit to injured tissue and generate high levels of cytokines and growth factors 18,19 and play a repair role. Therefore, it is interest to determine whether MSCs can be tracked in vivo with non-invasive imaging after AKI stem cells treatment, which will provide a tool for the development and testing of optimal AKI-specific treatment protocols.…”

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells, Fetal Limb and Bone Marrow Share a Common Phenotype but Are Transcriptionally and Biologically Different

“…We found that the differentially expressed genes were highly dissimilar with very less overlap (5% -16%) among the three sources. and had a higher capability of immunomodulation, but were less inducible for differentiation as compared to the BM-MSCs [35].…”