Characterization and distribution of mating-type genes of the turfgrass pathogen Sclerotinia homoeocarpa on a global scale

Putman, Alexander I.; Tredway, Lane P.; Carbone, Ignazio

doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2015.05.012

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…In our analysis, the clades made up by Rutstroemiaceae and Helotiaceae were evolutionary more distant. As previously reported, S. homoeocarpa, which does not produce a true sclerotium like the other Sclerotiniaceae but an indeterminate plate-like substratal stroma, was more closely related to Rutstroemiaceae (Putman et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…For instance, B. cinerea and B. elliptica display a bipolar heterothallism, S. minor and S. sclerotiorum display homothallism, while Sclerotinia trifoliorum and S. homoeocarpa include either homothallic or heterothallic isolates. In heterothallic species, the MAT1-1 or the MAT1-2 idiomorphs are singly carried by self-sterile individuals, while in homothallic species they are closely linked end-to-end at a single MAT1 locus in self-fertile individuals (Amselem et al 2011;Chitrampalam and Pryor 2015;De Miccolis Angelini et al 2016;Putman et al 2015;Terhem et al 2015;Xu et al 2016). The mating system governing the sexuality in the genus Monilinia was largely unexplored and no information was available for M. laxa and M. fructigena.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mating System in the Brown Rot Pathogens Monilinia fructicola, M. laxa, and M. fructigena

et al. 2018

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Monilinia fructicola, M. laxa, and M. fructigena are the most important pathogens responsible for brown rot disease of stone and pome fruits. Information on their mating system and sexual behavior is scant. A mating-type-specific PCR-based assay was developed and applied to 155 Monilinia isolates from 10 countries and 10 different host plants. We showed that single isolates carry only one of two opposite idiomorphs at the MAT1 locus consistent with a heterothallic mating system for all three species. MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 mating types were detected in similar proportions in samples of isolates of each species and hence there do not appear to be genetic obstacles to the occurrence of sexual reproduction in their populations. Inter simple sequence repeat markers suggested that asexual reproduction is prevalent, but that sexual recombination occurs in M. fructicola populations in Italy. The genetic architectures of the MAT1 loci of the three pathogens were analyzed. MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs are flanked upstream and downstream by the APN2 and SLA2 genes and resemble those of Botrytis cinerea and other heterothallic fungi in the family Sclerotiniaceae. Each idiomorph contains a specific couple of genes, MAT1-1-1 (with alpha-box domain) and MAT1-1-5 in MAT1-1, and MAT1-2-1 (with HMG-box domain) and MAT1-2-10 in MAT1-2. Small gene fragments (dMAT1-1-1 and dMAT1-2-1) from the opposite idiomorph were detected close to their flanking regions. Constitutive expression of the four MAT1 genes during vegetative growth was ascertained by transcriptomic analysis (RNA-Seq). Antisense transcription of the MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 genes and intergenic transcribed regions of the MAT1 locus were detected. These results represent new insights into the mating systems of these three economically-important pathogens which could contribute to improve the knowledge on their population biology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mating System in the Brown Rot Pathogens Monilinia fructicola, M. laxa, and M. fructigena

et al. 2018

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“…Our findings indicate this is true for seashore paspalum as well. However, more recent publications have indicated that populations of S. homoeocarpa are very diverse and contain more VCGs than previously reported (Putman et al, 2015). According to Liberti Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Effects of Genotype and Isolate on Expression of Dollar Spot in Seashore Paspalum

Steketee¹,

Martínez-Espinoza²,

Harris‐Shultz³

et al. 2016

horts

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Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) is a warm-season turfgrass species primarily used on golf courses and athletic fields, and is often impacted by the disease dollar spot caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett. Dollar spot is the most common and economically important turfgrass disease in North America, and current management of this disease relies heavily on frequent fungicide applications. An alternate management strategy is host plant resistance, but a better understanding of the interactions between pathogen isolates and the host species is needed to effectively incorporate this resistance into elite seashore paspalum genotypes. The goal of this study was to gather host plant/isolate response data that could be used to develop an effective and efficient screening protocol for resistance to this important disease. Five genotypes of seashore paspalum (‘Aloha’, ‘SeaIsle 2000’, ‘SeaIsle 1’, ‘SeaIsle Supreme’, and 05-1743) varying in dollar spot resistance were inoculated with five isolates of S. homoeocarpa in repeated field studies during 2012 and 2013. Isolates used were from three warm-season and one cool-season turfgrass species. Inoculated plots were evaluated visually and using digital image analysis (DIA) for disease development over time and for number and area of infection centers at two rating dates each year. Statistical differences among the seashore paspalum genotypes and inoculation/isolate treatments were detected for area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values, number of infection centers, and infection center area. A significant interaction between seashore paspalum genotype and S. homoeocarpa isolate effects was not observed, indicating that host plant resistance genes are likely not isolate specific. Using this information, breeders should be able to use one highly virulent S. homoeocarpa isolate to screen for host plant resistance in seashore paspalum.

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“…Several modes of sexual reproductions in ascomycetes have been reported including homothallic (self-fertile), heterothallic (requires a mating partner, one locus with two alleles), pseudohomothallic (a single ascospore with two nuclei of opposite mating type allele)2345, dual mating (isolates can mate with both MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 tester strains), and unidirectional mating type switching (self-fertile strains produce both self-fertile and self-sterile strains)2367.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct repeat-mediated DNA deletion of the mating type MAT1-2 genes results in unidirectional mating type switching in Sclerotinia trifoliorum

Chen

2016

Sci Rep

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The necrotrophic fungal pathogen Sclerotinia trifoliorum exhibits ascospore dimorphism and unidirectional mating type switching - self-fertile strains derived from large ascospores produce both self-fertile (large-spores) and self-sterile (small-spores) offsprings in a 4:4 ratio. The present study, comparing DNA sequences at MAT locus of both self-fertile and self-sterile strains, found four mating type genes (MAT1-1-1, MAT1-1-5, MAT1-2-1 and MAT1-2-4) in the self-fertile strain. However, a 2891-bp region including the entire MAT1-2-1 and MAT1-2-4 genes had been completely deleted from the MAT locus in the self-sterile strain. Meanwhile, two copies of a 146-bp direct repeat motif flanking the deleted region were found in the self-fertile strain, but only one copy of this 146-bp motif (a part of the MAT1-1-1 gene) was present in the self-sterile strain. The two direct repeats were believed to be responsible for the deletion through homologous intra-molecular recombination in meiosis. Tetrad analyses showed that all small ascospore-derived strains lacked the missing DNA between the two direct repeats that was found in all large ascospore-derived strains. In addition, heterokaryons at the MAT locus were observed in field isolates as well as in laboratory derived isolates.

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Characterization and distribution of mating-type genes of the turfgrass pathogen Sclerotinia homoeocarpa on a global scale

Cited by 17 publications

References 82 publications

Mating System in the Brown Rot Pathogens Monilinia fructicola, M. laxa, and M. fructigena

Mating System in the Brown Rot Pathogens Monilinia fructicola, M. laxa, and M. fructigena

Effects of Genotype and Isolate on Expression of Dollar Spot in Seashore Paspalum

Direct repeat-mediated DNA deletion of the mating type MAT1-2 genes results in unidirectional mating type switching in Sclerotinia trifoliorum

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