Characterization and Discrimination of Oueslati Virgin Olive Oils from Adult and Young Trees in Different Ripening Stages Using Sterols, Pigments, and Alcohols in Tandem with Chemometrics

Abstract

Dynamics of squalene, sterol, aliphatic alcohol, pigment, and triterpenic diol accumulations in olive oils from adult and young trees of the Oueslati cultivar were studied for two consecutive years, 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. Data were compared statistically for differences by age of trees, maturation of olive, and year of harvesting. Results showed that the mean campesterol content in olive oil from adult trees at the green stage of maturation was significantly (p < 0.02) above the limit established by IOC legislation. However, the mean values of campesterol and Δ-7-stigmastenol were significantly (p < 0.01) above the limits in oils from young trees at the black stage of ripening. Principal component analysis was applied to alcohols, squalene, pigments, and sterols having noncompliance with the legislation. Then, data of 36 samples were subjected to a discriminant analysis with "maturation" as grouping variable and principal components as input variables. The model revealed clear discrimination of each tree age/maturation stage group.

Sterols and Triterpene Diols in Virgin Olive Oil: A Comprehensive Review on Their Properties and Significance, with a Special Emphasis on the Influence of Variety and Ripening Degree

“…Castellana [148]; Ogliarola garganica [149]; Edremit [150]; variable: Cobrançosa, Verdeal Transmontana [131]; Chemlal [132]; mostly decrease: Oueslati [151]; decrease: averaged [13]; Sarı Hasebi, Gemlik, Halhalı [124]; Memecik [150] Increase: Ayvalik [145]; mostly increase: Aghenfas [132]; relatively constant: averaged [13]; averaged [99]; Halhalı [124]; Chemlal, Buichret [132]; Buža, Črna, Rosinjola [137]; averaged [146]; Castellana [148];…”

“…Oueslati [151] Brassicasterol Relatively constant: Halhalı [123]; Sarı Hasebi, Gemlik, Halhalı [124]; Memecik, Edremit [150]; decrease: Gemlik [123] Increase: Sarı Hasebi, Gemlik, Halhalı [124]; Memecik [150];…”

“…Ogliarola garganica [149]; Memecik, Edremit [150]; variable: Halhalı [123]; Oueslati [151]; decrease: Sarı Hasebi [124]; Memecik, Ayvalik [145] Increase: averaged [99]; Gemlik [124]; Črna [137]; Memecik, Ayvalik [145]; relatively constant: averaged [13]; Gemlik [123]; Sarı Hasebi, Halhalı [124]; Rosinjola [137]; averaged [146]; Chemlali [147]; Ogliarola garganica [149];…”

Lipid oxidation stability of ultra‐high‐temperature short‐time sterilization sporoderm‐broken pine pollen (UHT‐PP) and 60Co‐irradiation sterilization sporoderm‐broken pine pollen (60Co‐PP)

“…Sterols were detected by a gas chromatographic method, with some modifications. 38 One gram of the extract of petroleum ether was added to 100 μL -cholestanol (0.2%, w/v) and 2 mol L −1 ethanolic potassium hydroxide solution. The unsaponifiable fraction was extracted third in hexane and dried under nitrogen.…”

Effects of tree age on the chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of ‘Coratina’ and ‘Koroneiki’ olive oils from youth trees in China

“…It is widely known that environment conditions have great effect on the chemical composition of olive oils (Ceci, Mattar, & Carelli, 2017;Deiana et al, 2019;Fuentes et al, 2018). Though previous studies showed that tree age may affect fatty acid profile, tocopherols, squalene, phytosterol and phenolic compounds in olive oils, much more attention was paid on the influences of environment conditions than tree age (Chtourou et al, 2017a(Chtourou et al, , 2017b. In general, olive has the same growth pattern of the other stone fruits.…”