Characterization and determination of naphthenic acids species in oil sands process-affected water and groundwater from oil sands development area of Alberta, Canada

Huang, Rongfu; Chen, Yuan; Meshref, Mohamed N.A.; Chelme-Ayala, Pamela; Dong, Shimiao; Ibrahim, Mohamed D.; Wang, Chengjin; Klamerth, Nikolaus; Hughes, Sarah; Headley, John V.; Peru, Kerry M.; Brown, Christine; Mahaffey, Ashley; El-Din, Mohamed Gamal

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.003

Cited by 60 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The extraction rate of oxidized NAs from OSPW is lower than that of classical NAs (SI Table S3), which is because the additional hydroxyl group(s) enhanced the water solubility of oxidized NAs, compared to classical NAs, resulting in the decreased liquid−liquid extraction rate. 26,28 3.2. Pregnancy Outcomes Following OSPW-OF Exposure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5,12,27 Further details of this extraction process are provided as Supporting Information (SI). The amounts of NAs (C n H 2n+z O 2 ) and oxy-NAs (C n H 2n+z O 3−6 ) present in both whole OSPW and OSPW-OF were analyzed by UPLC/HRMS using the internal calibration method, 28,29 as described in the SI. OSPW-OF was then dissolved in basic distilled water (pH ∼ 10) to a final concentration of 23.8 mg/mL NAs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Briefly, liquid–liquid extraction using dichloromethane (DCM) is an efficient method to extract NAs and other organic compounds from OSPW. , DCM is highly volatile and thus can easily removed from the dried residue before reconstitution of the OSPW-OF for toxicity testing. ,,, Further details of this extraction process are provided as Supporting Information (SI). The amounts of NAs (C n H 2 n + z O 2 ) and oxy-NAs (C n H 2 n + z O 3–6 ) present in both whole OSPW and OSPW-OF were analyzed by UPLC/HRMS using the internal calibration method, , as described in the SI. OSPW-OF was then dissolved in basic distilled water (pH ∼ 10) to a final concentration of 23.8 mg/mL NAs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to Organic Fraction Extracted from Oil Sands Process-Affected Water Has Negligible Impact on Pregnancy and Lactation of Mice

Chao

Lillico

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Dissolved organic compounds are major contaminants in oil sands process-affected water (OSPW), of which naphthenic acids (NAs) are one of the main persistent toxicants. In the present study, we explore the toxic effects of the organic fraction extracted from OSPW (OSPW-OF) in mice during pregnancy and lactation. Here, we report that acute oral exposure of female Balb/c mice during gestation, and subchronic exposure throughout gestation and lactation to OSPW-OF (containing naturally occurring levels of NAs found in tailings ponds), had negligible effects on their reproductive performance. Specifically, mating behavior, pregnancy success, embryonic implantation, gestation period, litter size, and offspring viability were not affected by OSPW-OF containing up to 55 mg/L NAs. OSPW-OF exposure also did not affect plasma concentrations of pregnancy-associated hormones or pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and it had minimal effects on liver stress gene expression. This study presents the first comprehensive in vivo analysis of mammalian toxicity associated with OSPW-OF exposure. Overall, our results suggest that the risk of acute and subchronic toxicity to mice exposed to OSPW-OF at environmentally relevant concentrations of NAs in contaminated drinking water is likely negligible.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to Organic Fraction Extracted from Oil Sands Process-Affected Water Has Negligible Impact on Pregnancy and Lactation of Mice

Chao

Lillico

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Some components of OSPW are well understood: trace elements including metals, semimetals, and metalloids (Nix and Martin ; Siwik et al ; Bicalho et al ; Donner et al ), salts and ammonia (COSIA ), and suspended solids (El‐Din et al ; COSIA ; McQueen, Hendrikse et al ). However, the complexity of the organics in OSPW creates a practical challenge for determining treatment methods (Headley et al ; Pereira et al 2013; Goff et al ; Brown and Ulrich ; Quinlan and Tam ; Wilde et al ; Ajaero et al ), in addition to estimating potential risks (West et al ; Huang et al ). The estimation of potential risk is further supported through an existing understanding of chemical properties such as the propensity for bioaccumulation (Zhang et al ; Morandi et al ).…”

Section: Workhop Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Existing Science to Inform Oil Sands Process Water Release: A Technical Workshop Summary

Tanna¹,

Redman

Frank

et al. 2019

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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The extraction of oil sands from mining operations in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region uses an alkaline hot water extraction process. The oil sands process water (OSPW) is recycled to facilitate material transport (e.g., ore and tailings), process cooling, and is also reused in the extraction process. The industry has expanded since commercial mining began in 1967 and companies have been accumulating increasing inventories of OSPW. Short‐ and long‐term sustainable water management practices require the ability to return treated water to the environment. The safe release of OSPW needs to be based on sound science and engineering practices to ensure downstream protection of ecological and human health. A significant body of research has contributed to the understanding of the chemistry and toxicity of OSPW. A multistakeholder science workshop was held in September 2017 to summarize the state of science on the toxicity and chemistry of OSPW. The goal of the workshop was to review completed research in the areas of toxicology, chemical analysis, and monitoring to support the release of treated oil sands water. A key outcome from the workshop was identifying research needs to inform future water management practices required to support OSPW return. Another key outcome of the workshop was the recognition that methods are sufficiently developed to characterize chemical and toxicological characteristics of OSPW to address and close knowledge gaps. Industry, government, and local indigenous stakeholders have proceeded to utilize these insights in reviewing policy and regulations. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:519–527. © 2019 SETAC

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“…The toxicity of the OSPW has mainly been attributed to the presence of naphthenic acids (NAs) (MacKinnon and Boerger, 1986). The O 2 family is represented by classical NAs with just one carboxylic acid group or dihydroxy groups, and published data concur that O 2 species are the main toxic and classical NAs in OSPW (Morandi et al, 2015;Hughes et al, 2017;Huang et al, 2018). The term NAs refers to all the carboxylic acids present in crude oil and these are now classified as emerging water contaminants (Richardson and Ternes, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals That Naphthenic Acids Perturb Gene Networks Related to Metabolic Processes, Membrane Integrity, and Gut Function in Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis Embryos

et al. 2019

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Naphthenic acids (NAs) are oil-derived mixtures of carboxylic acids and are considered emerging contaminants with the potential to disrupt development of aquatic species. In the Oil Sands Region of Canada, NAs are components of the water released following processing of the bitumen-containing sand. The aim of this research was to identify potential mechanisms of toxicity of NA mixtures. Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis embryos were raised in water spiked with commercial oil-derived NA extracts (S1 and S2) at a sub-lethal concentration (2 mg/L). The transcriptomic responses of the whole 4-day old embryos following exposure were assessed using a custom oligonucleotide microarray. Both NA mixtures induced embryonic abnormalities that included edema, and cardiac and gut abnormalities. Exposure to NAs also affected morphometric parameters and decreased total length, tail length, and interorbital distance of the embryos. Gene ontology analysis revealed that 18 biological processes, 5 cellular components, and 19 molecular functions were significantly enriched after both S1 and S2 exposures. Sub-network enrichment analysis revealed pathways that were related to phenotypic abnormalities; these included gut function, edema, and cartilage differentiation. Other notable networks affected by NAs included metabolism and cell membrane integrity. In a separate dose-response experiment, the expression of key genes identified by microarray (cyp4b1, abcg2, slc26a6, eprs, and slc5a1) was determined by Real-Time qPCR in S. tropicalis embryos exposed to the commercial NAs and to acid-extractable organics (AEOs) prepared from Oil Sands Process-Affected Water. In general, the RT-qPCR data agreed with the microarray data. In S. tropicalis embryos exposed to the AEOs, the mRNA levels of eprs (bifunctional glutamate/proline-tRNA ligase) and slcs5a1 (sodium/glucose cotransporter 1) were significantly decreased compared to

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Characterization and determination of naphthenic acids species in oil sands process-affected water and groundwater from oil sands development area of Alberta, Canada

Cited by 60 publications

References 34 publications

Exposure to Organic Fraction Extracted from Oil Sands Process-Affected Water Has Negligible Impact on Pregnancy and Lactation of Mice

Exposure to Organic Fraction Extracted from Oil Sands Process-Affected Water Has Negligible Impact on Pregnancy and Lactation of Mice

Overview of Existing Science to Inform Oil Sands Process Water Release: A Technical Workshop Summary

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals That Naphthenic Acids Perturb Gene Networks Related to Metabolic Processes, Membrane Integrity, and Gut Function in Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis Embryos

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