Characterization and comparison of virulent bacteriophages of Streptococcus thermophilus isolated from yogurt

Bendadis, L.; Faelen, Michel; Seksik, Philippe; Fazel, Akram M.; Mercenier, Annick

doi:10.1016/0300-9084(90)90002-x

Cited by 34 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These phages have double-stranded DNA genomes whose sizes range from 30.7 to 42.7 kb, in accord with previous reports (1,6,7,17,22,25). They are genetically related, as demonstrated by DNA-DNA hybridization experiments and restriction analysis, confirming that all S. thermophilus phages (lytic and temperate, cos and pac) exhibit DNA homology (1, 4, 6-8, 12, 17, 23-25).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Only one likely temperate phage was found in the present study, via detection of its lysogeny module, and it may even be a virulent derivative of a temperate phage. This is not surprising since lysogeny appears to be rare in S. thermophilus (1,4,6,8,12,17,23). At the protein level, the phages could be classified into two groups, one group containing the phages with two major structural proteins and one group containing a single phage (P13.2) with three major structural proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The rotation of strains is therefore performed with no knowledge of the host ranges of troublesome phages. In fact, all classifications of S. thermophilus phages indicate either limited or no correlation with host range (1,4,17,25,29), and this restricts the effectiveness of any precautionary measures employed. Phages of different origins were examined in terms of their morphology, restriction patterns, packaging mechanisms, and lifestyles, the presence of a highly conserved DNA fragment of the replication module (5), and structural proteins.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Detection and Characterization of Streptococcus thermophilus Bacteriophages by Use of the Antireceptor Gene Sequence

Binetti

Río

Martín

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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In the dairy industry, the characterization of Streptococcus thermophilus phage types is very important for the selection and use of efficient starter cultures. The aim of this study was to develop a characterization system useful in phage control programs in dairy plants. A comparative study of phages of different origins was initially performed based on their morphology, DNA restriction profiles, DNA homology, structural proteins, packaging mechanisms, and lifestyles and on the presence of a highly conserved DNA fragment of the replication module. However, these traditional criteria were of limited industrial value, mainly because there appeared to be no correlation between these variables and host ranges. We therefore developed a PCR method to amplify VR2, a variable region of the antireceptor gene, which allowed rapid detection of S. thermophilus phages and classification of these phages. This method has a significant advantage over other grouping criteria since our results suggest that there is a correlation between typing profiles and host ranges. This association could be valuable for the dairy industry by allowing a rational starter rotation system to be established and by helping in the selection of more suitable starter culture resistance mechanisms. The method described here is also a useful tool for phage detection, since specific PCR amplification was possible when phage-contaminated milk was used as a template (detection limit, 10 5 PFU ml ؊1 ).In the dairy environment, lytic phages are the leading cause of fermentation failure during the manufacture of cheese and fermented milk products. Consequently, the success of commercial lactic starter cultures depends primarily on the selection of non-phage-related strains able to withstand viral infections. Streptococcus thermophilus, a gram-positive thermophilic lactic acid bacterium, is a component of dairy starter cultures used for the manufacture of yogurt and other fermented milk products. As observed for other dairy lactic acid bacteria, this streptococcus is often susceptible to phage attack, which can result in slow lactic acid fermentation and the loss of product quality. Besides its use as a starter in the yogurt industry, this species is very important in the production of a large variety of cheeses (26), from which many S. thermophilus phages responsible for fermentation failure have recently been isolated (32). Since a large dairy plant can processes more than 5 ϫ 10 5 liters of milk per day, phage problems can be very costly. The economic implications have led to intensive research into methods to control bacteriophage infections in the industry. The traditional strategies used to minimize the consequences of phage infection include rotation of non-phage-related strains (the principal precautionary measure employed), the use of phageinhibiting media for culture propagation, and aseptic processing conditions (14). However, the effectiveness is sometimes limited by the dynamic evolutionary properties of phages (7,22) and, in the case of S. ther...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection and Characterization of Streptococcus thermophilus Bacteriophages by Use of the Antireceptor Gene Sequence

Binetti

Río

Martín

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Several studies have been undertaken to characterize and type both lytic and lysogenic S . thermophilus phages (Krusch et al, 1987;Prevots et al, 1989;Neve et al, 1989;Benbadis et al, 1990;Larbi et al, 1990;Carminati & Giraffa, 1992;Sebastiani & Jager, 1992;Fayard et al, 1993;Brussow et al, 1994a, b ; On: Sun, 13 May 2018 07:54:00 Bruttin, 1995;Bruttin & Brussow, 1996). So far only two reports have included actual sequence information on S. thermophilus phages (Briissow et al, 1994b;Bruttin & Brussow, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genomes of all characterized virulent and temperate S. thermophilus phages exhibit homology to each other in a modular fashion, where non-homologous regions are flanked by homologous DNA sections (Mercenier, 1990). Several studies have been undertaken to characterize and type both lytic and lysogenic S .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence analysis and characterization of øO1205, a temperate bacteriophage infecting Streptococcus thermophilus CNRZ1205

et al. 1997

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The complete nucleotide sequence of W l 2 0 5 , a temperate bacteriophage infecting Streptococcus thermophilus strain CNRZ1205, was determined. The phage genome has a unit length of 43075 bp and appears to be packaged by the so-called headful mechanism. The genomic organization and structure of #01205 resemble those of several temperate lactococcal phages that display a life-cycle-specific organization, where ORFs believed to be involved in the lysogenic life-cycle are clustered and arranged in an orientation opposite to the ORFs supposedly involved in the lytic life-cycle. Database searches revealed putative functions for several identified ORFs and further indicated that #01205 is genetically related to a particular group of lactococcal phages. Three genes encoding the major structural proteins were identified on the W l 2 0 5 genome. The phage attachment site attP, the bacterial attachment site attB, and the two phagekhromosome junctions attL and attR were identified and found to contain a 40 bp common core sequence.

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Characterization of the Lysogeny DNA Module from the TemperateStreptococcus thermophilusBacteriophage φSfi21

et al. 1997

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Phage phi Sfi21, the only temperate Streptococcus thermophilus phage from our phage collection, showed extensive DNA homology with virulent phages from lytic group I. Southern blot hybridizations demonstrated that the phi Sfi21-specific DNA was clustered in an approximately 6.6-kb-long region, the putative lysogeny module. Sequence analysis and database research identified an integrase within this module; orf 203 with homology to an anonymous orf 258 from the temperate lactococcal phage BK5-T; orf 127 and orf 122 with weak homology to the N- and C-terminal parts, respectively, of the cl-like repressor from lactococcal phages Tuc2009 and BK5-T; orf 75 with homology to a repressor protein from lambdoid phage 434 and an anti-repressor ant with homology to phage P1. The molecular arrangement of the predicted orfs in phage phi Sfi21 was very similar to that of the lactococcal phage BK5-T. The transition from phi Sfi21-specific DNA into DNA shared with virulent phages was abrupt and flanked at one side by notable DNA repeats. Sequence analysis identified a holin protein to the left of the lysogeny module. A site-specific deletion of 2.4 kb, which reproducibly transformed phi Sfi21 into a lytic phage, was localized in the lysogeny module. It was flanked at both sides by conspicuous DNA repeats. One repeat region reflected the DNA around the attP site, while the other reflected the putative genetic switch region between repressor and anti-repressor genes. S. thermophilus host Sfi1 transformed with a plasmid containing int and orf 203 showed resistance to superinfection by heterologous phages, but not by the homologous phi Sfi21. Part of the int gene could be deleted without loss of this activity, while a deletion in orf 203 resulted in loss of the phage resistance. We speculate on the possibility of a bipartite immunity system for the control of lysogeny in phi Sfi21.

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Characterization and comparison of virulent bacteriophages of Streptococcus thermophilus isolated from yogurt

Cited by 34 publications

References 27 publications

Detection and Characterization of Streptococcus thermophilus Bacteriophages by Use of the Antireceptor Gene Sequence

Detection and Characterization of Streptococcus thermophilus Bacteriophages by Use of the Antireceptor Gene Sequence

Sequence analysis and characterization of øO1205, a temperate bacteriophage infecting Streptococcus thermophilus CNRZ1205

Characterization of the Lysogeny DNA Module from the TemperateStreptococcus thermophilusBacteriophage φSfi21

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