Characterization and Comparison of the Pungent Components in Commercial Zanthoxylum bungeanum Oil and Zanthoxylum schinifolium Oil

Abstract

In the present study, the characterization and comparison of the pungent components in commercial Z. bungeanum oils and Z. schinifolium oils were investigated. By high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis, the major alkylamides in Z. bungeanum and Z. schinifolium oils were identified as hydroxy-ε-sanshool, hydroxy-α-sanshool, hydroxy-β-sanshool, hydroxy-γ-sanshool, hydroxy-γ-isosanshool, bungeanool, isobungeanool, and tetrahydrobungeanool, respectively. Hydroxy-α-sanshool was found to be the most abundant alkylamide in all oils. The levels of hydroxy-ε-sanshool and hydroxy-β-sanshool in Z. bungeanum oils were comparable to that in Z. schinifolium oils, whereas Z. bungeanum oils contained significantly (P less than 0.05) higher levels of hydroxy-γ-isosanshool, bungeanool, isobungeanool, and tetrahydrobungeanool, compared with Z. schinifolium oils. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that Z. bungeanum oil and Z. schinifolium oil were clearly classified by HPLC fingerprinting profiles and concentrations of alkylamides. In addition, the results of PCA suggested that alkylamides, such as hydroxy-γ-sanshool and bungeanool, could be potential markers to distinguish Z. bungeanum oil and Z. schinifolium oil. The results from this study could be used to discriminate the different flavor characterization and control the quality of commercial Z. bungeanum oil and Z. schinifolium oil.

Hypoglycemic effects of Zanthoxylum alkylamides by enhancing glucose metabolism and ameliorating pancreatic dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

“…23 The alkylamides (10 mg mL −1 in methanol) were analyzed using a Shimadzu LC-20A system (Shimadzu Corp., Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a diode array detector (DAD) and an API 4000 QTRAP mass spectrometer system (AB Sciex, Darmstadt, Germany). 23 The alkylamides (10 mg mL −1 in methanol) were analyzed using a Shimadzu LC-20A system (Shimadzu Corp., Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a diode array detector (DAD) and an API 4000 QTRAP mass spectrometer system (AB Sciex, Darmstadt, Germany).…”

Sichuan pepper attenuates H2O2-induced apoptosis via antioxidant activity and up-regulating heme oxygenase-1 gene expression in primary rat hepatocytes

“…Sichuan pepper contains many phytochemicals. It was found that essential oils (e.g., linalool and limonene) (Yang, ) and alkylamides (e.g., α‐hydroxysanshool) (Zhao et al, ) are major components in Sichuan pepper. Flavonoids and phenols are other key compounds found in it.…”

“…It is also applied externally to treat eczema and pruritus. Essential oils (e.g., linalool and limonene) (Yang, ) and alkylamides (e.g., α‐hydroxysanshool) (Zhao et al, ) are major components in Sichuan pepper. Pharmacological research studies indicate that the extract of Sichuan pepper and its major compounds are effective for the treatments of inflammatory diseases (Tezuka et al, ), asthma (Tang, Xie, Guan, Jin, & Zhao, ), and Alzheimer's disease (Tang et al, ).…”

Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from SixZanthoxylumSpecies and Their Repellent Activities against Two Stored-Product Insects

“…Zanthoxylum is the largest and the most widespread genus in the Rutaceae, comprising approximately 250 species, and is widely distributed in the temperate and tropical regions, of which there are 45 species and 13 varieties in China [12,13]. Traditionally, members of them with pungent taste are often used as condiments in both Eastern Asian countries and Central America [14].…”