Characterization and comparison of envelope detectors for wake-up sensor interfaces at audio frequencies

Gazivoda, Marko; Oletić, Dinko; Bilas, Vedran

doi:10.1109/i2mtc43012.2020.9128810

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The passive components of interest are: input capacitor C in , inductor L , Q factor of the input switched inductor filter, and output capacitors, C out 1 and C out 2 , which we analyzed in detail in our previous work [ 17 , 18 ]. The diodes were also chosen based on previous work analyzing their influence on weak-signal rectifier performance [ 14 , 22 ].…”

Section: Proposed Sensor Interface Characteristics and Design Paramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The envelope detector is one of the critical elements in the weak signal front ends in various applications (sensing, communications, energy harvesting) due to its power-consumption to sensitivity trade-off [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. In [ 17 ] we studied the impact of the envelope detector on sensitivity and power consumption of the wake-up sensor interface in the lower audio frequency range. Based on the mechanically switched inductor energy harvester [ 16 ], in [ 18 ] we demonstrated that a piezoelectric energy harvester can be used as a vibration sensor utilizing a mechanically switched inductor driven by the sensed vibrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-Power Sensor Interface with a Switched Inductor Frequency Selective Envelope Detector

Gazivoda

Bilas

2021

Sensors

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With the growing need to understand our surroundings and improved means of sensor manufacturing, the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming more interesting. To enable continuous monitoring and event detection by IoT, the development of low power sensors and interfaces is required. In this work we present a novel, switched inductor based acoustic sensor interface featuring a bandpass filter and envelope detector, perform a sensitivity, frequency selectivity, and power consumption analysis of the circuit, and present its design parameters and their qualitative influence on circuit characteristics. We develop a prototype and present experimental characterization of the interface and its operation with input signals up to 20 mV peak-to-peak, at low acoustic frequencies from 100 Hz to 1 kHz. The prototype achieves a sensitivity of approximately 2 mV/mV in the passband, a four times lower sensitivity in the stopband, and a power consumption of approximately 3.31 µW. We compare the prototype interface to an interface consisting of an active bandpass filter and a passive voltage doubler using a prerecorded speedboat signal.

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Section: Proposed Sensor Interface Characteristics and Design Paramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Power Sensor Interface with a Switched Inductor Frequency Selective Envelope Detector

Gazivoda

Bilas

2021

Sensors

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“…Detailed characterization of this detector utilizing an active general impedance converter (GIC)-based dual operational amplifier bandpass filter was performed in [ 25 ] and a study on rectifier topologies for envelope extraction was presented in [ 31 ]. Such a combination of an active bandpass filter and passive diode rectifier developed in previous work showed several constraints on this detector’s feature extractor performance and output signal ( Figure 1 d).…”

Section: Event Detector Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The active electrical feature extractor (AE FE) consisted of an active GIC bandpass filter and a passive two-diode voltage doubler, as shown in Figure 1 c. The filter central frequency was set to 200 Hz (by R 1 , C f 1 and C f 2 ), with a pass bandwidth of 200 Hz (set by R2 , R 3 , C f 1 and C f 2 ). The rectifier capacitors C r 1 and C r 2 were both set to 22 nF, to allow the capacitor to fully charge and achieve maximal headroom voltage during each event of interest [ 25 , 31 ].…”

Section: Comparison Of Active Electrical and Passive Electromechanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Passive Extraction of Signal Feature Using a Rectifier with a Mechanically Switched Inductor for Low Power Acoustic Event Detection

Gazivoda

Oletić

Trigona

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Analog hardware used for signal envelope extraction in low-power interfaces for acoustic event detection, owing to its low complexity and power consumption, suffers from low sensitivity and performs poorly under low signal to noise ratios (SNR) found in undersea environments. To overcome those problems, in this paper, we propose a novel passive electromechanical solution for the signal feature extraction in low frequency acoustic range (200–1000 Hz), in the form of a piezoelectric vibration transducer, and a rectifier with a mechanically switched inductor. A simulation study of the novel solution is presented, and a proof-of-concept device is developed and experimentally characterized. We demonstrate its applicability and show the advantages of the passive electromechanical device in comparison to the active electrical solution in terms of operation with lower input signals (<20 mV compared to 40 mV), and higher robustness in low SNR conditions (output voltage loss for −10 dB ≤ SNR < 40 dB of 1 mV, compared to 10 mV). In addition to the signal processing performance improvements, compared to our previous work, the utilization of the presented novel passive feature extractor would also decrease power consumption of a detector’s channel by over 76%, enabling life-time extension and/or increased quality of detection with larger number of channels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first solution presented in the literature that demonstrates the possibility of using a passive electromechanical feature extractor in a low-power analog wake-up event detector interface.

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Overview and Challenges of Wireless Communication and Power Transfer for Implanted Sensors

Chaari¹,

Al‐Maadeed²

2022

Predicting Heart Failure

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Characterization and comparison of envelope detectors for wake-up sensor interfaces at audio frequencies

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Low-Power Sensor Interface with a Switched Inductor Frequency Selective Envelope Detector

Low-Power Sensor Interface with a Switched Inductor Frequency Selective Envelope Detector

Passive Extraction of Signal Feature Using a Rectifier with a Mechanically Switched Inductor for Low Power Acoustic Event Detection

Overview and Challenges of Wireless Communication and Power Transfer for Implanted Sensors

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