Characterization and Biological Properties of Zederone and Zedoarondiol from Rhizomes of En-Lueang (Curcuma cf. amada)

Abstract

Curcuma cf. amada Roxb., also known as En-Lueang in Thailand, belongs to the Zingiberaceae family and grows from rhizomes. These rhizomes have been used in the Thai and Ayurveda systems of medicine. However, to our knowledge, no biologically active compounds isolated from En-Lueang have been reported. In this study, natural compounds were isolated from En-Lueang and their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. The two isolated compounds were identified as zederone (1) and zedoarondiol (2) and their cytotoxicities against KG1a cells were investigated. The EtOH extract and EtOAc fraction showed stronger cytotoxic activity than n-hexane fraction against KG1a cells. In contrast, compound 1 showed strong cytotoxicity against KG1a cells, but low cytotoxicity toward normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Moreover, all the extracts and 1 had no effect on red blood cell hemolysis. The antioxidant properties of 1 were almost 2-fold higher than that of 2, in accordance with its total phenolic content of 8.8 mg/g, which is 2-fold higher than that of 2 (4.1 mg/g). In summary, two sesquiterpene compounds with leukemic cytotoxicity activity against the KG1a cell line were identified in En-Lueang extracts.

Polyploidy in the Ginger Family from Thailand

“…Zederone and zedoarondiol, from rhizomes of En-Lueang (Curcuma cf. amada), show strong cytotoxicity in a leukaemic cell line and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as well as having antioxidant and haemolysis properties [41]. Dry extracts from rhizomes of C. xanthorrhiza and C. zedoaria have been shown to have anticancer and antiviral properties [42][43][44].…”

The Genus Curcuma and Inflammation: Overview of the Pharmacological Perspectives

“…In addition, Curcuma longa , a species of this genus, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties [ 22 ]. Potent cytotoxic activity in a leukemic cell line, hemolysis, and antioxidant activity have also been evaluated in Curcuma amada [ 23 ]. Moreover, in vitro analysis of volatile oils that are obtained from Curcuma caesia leaf has been shown to have extensive anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibiotic effects [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Analysis of chemical components from “white turmeric” (Curcuma sp.) fraction with antioxidant activity by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS)

“…10 C. amada has been tested for cytotoxic action in a leukemic cell line, hemolysis, and antioxidant activity. 11 In addition, in vitro testing of volatile oils extracted from C. caesia leaves revealed that they have potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibiotic properties. 12,13 Bioactive components found in Curcuma species include flavonoids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, phenolic compounds, and antioxidants.…”