Characterization and Bio-Typing of Multidrug Resistance Plasmids From Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated From Clinical Setting

Abstract

Urinary tract infection is primarily caused by Escherichia coli. Multidrug resistance and their rapid dissemination in this pathogenic microbe complicate therapeutic strategies and threaten public health. Conjugation systems responsible for interbacterial transmission of antibiotic resistance are plasmid-encoded and can be classified as the P, F, and I types. Specific pili types and pili associated proteins were related to the transfer among this gram-negative organism and were thought to depend on contacts created by these structures at the time of DNA transport. In this study, conjugation system types of the plasmids that harbor multidrug resistant genes (aac-1b-cr, oqxAB, qnrB, qnrS, bla TEM , bla OXA) amongst 19 E. coli uropathogenic isolates were characterized under ciprofloxacin/ceftazidime selection individually by pili and pili associated gene types. Investigations indicated incidence of single plasmid of multiple replicon type amongst the transconjugants. bla TEM , bla CTX−M , bla OXA , aac-1b-cr, oqxAB, qnrB, qnrS genes in varied combination were observed to be successfully co-transmitted against ceftazidme/ciprofloxacin selection. Seven primer pair sets were selected that encodes pili and pili associated genes (traF, trwJ, traE, trhE, traG, pilM, pilx4) by nucleotide database search tools using annotated plasmids of different incompatibility types to assign the conjugation system type of the transmissible resistant plasmids by PCR. traF was predominant irrespective of drug selection that indicated F-type conjugation system was responsible for transmission of resistant plasmids which results in the rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance in the isolates screened. Therefore this is a first report of its kind that investigated pili and pili associated genes to bio-type multidrug resistant plasmids and their transmission in clinical settings amongst uropathogenic E. coli circulated in the eastern part of India.

Antimicrobial resistance and metallo-beta-lactamase producing among commensal Escherichia coli isolates from healthy children of Khuzestan and Fars provinces; Iran

“…The resistant imipenem isolates were investigated as to their plasmid content. Plasmid DNA was extracted by an alkaline lysis method [ 47 ]. The products were electrophoresed on 1% agarose gels.…”

“…Then, the mixtures were spread on MacConkey agar containing imipenem (4 μg/mL) and incubated overnight at 37 °C. The lactose-negative, imipenem resistant isolates were analyzed for the presence of plasmids [ 47 ].…”

Emerging of Commensal Escherichia Coli Carrying Resistance Genes Against Carbapenems, a Threat to Public Health

“…According to the reports by world health organization (WHO), AMR is common in many countries; however, an exact estimation of the extent of the problem and the economic losses due to AMR is not available. WHO reports that Iran is categorized in the countries with more than ve MDR bacteria and has a high prevalence of AMR in the selected bacteria [30]; however, there is no exact information on AMR in the commensal isolates in the country. In this study, to evaluate the frequency of AMR in the community, infants and children under three years old were investigated.…”

Antimicrobial resistance and metallo-beta-lactamase producing among commensal Escherichia coli isolates from healthy children of Khuzestan and Fars provinces; Iran

“…The resistant imipenem isolates were investigated as to their plasmid content. Plasmid DNA was extracted by an alkaline lysis method [31]. The products were electrophoresed on 1% agarose gels.…”

“…Then, the mixtures were spread on MacConkey agar containing imipenem (4 µg/mL) and incubated overnight at 37 °C. The lactose-negative, imipenem resistant isolates were analyzed for the presence of plasmids [31].…”