Characterization and Assessment of a Novel Plate and Frame MD Module for Single Pass Wastewater Concentration–FEED Gap Air Gap Membrane Distillation

Schwantes, R.; Seger, Jakob; Bauer, Lorenz; Winter, Daniel; Högen, Tobias; Koschikowski, Joachim; Geißen, Sven‐Uwe

doi:10.3390/membranes9090118

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…However, fractional water evaporation achieved in one pass is still limited. A flat plate-based new configuration called Feed Gap Air Gap MD (FGAGMD) has been designed [ 22 ] in which the feed brine is separated from the heating stream by a heat exchange surface; the cooling liquid is also separated from the permeate channel as in AGMD. Such a channel arrangement has allowed achievement of high one pass water recovery varying between 32–93% depending on the feed and its salt concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Hydrophobic–Hydrophilic Composite Hollow Fiber and Flat Membranes Prepared by Plasma Polymerization for Direct Contact Membrane Distillation

et al. 2021

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High water vapor flux at low brine temperatures without surface fouling is needed in membrane distillation-based desalination. Brine crossflow over surface-modified hydrophobic hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) yielded fouling-free operation with supersaturated solutions of scaling salts and their precipitates. Surface modification involved an ultrathin porous polyfluorosiloxane or polysiloxane coating deposited on the outside of porous polypropylene (PP) HFMs by plasma polymerization. The outside of hydrophilic MicroPES HFMs of polyethersulfone was also coated by an ultrathin coating of porous plasma-polymerized polyfluorosiloxane or polysiloxane rendering the surface hydrophobic. Direct contact membrane distillation-based desalination performances of these HFMs were determined and compared with porous PP-based HFMs. Salt concentrations of 1, 10, and 20 wt% were used. Leak rates were determined at low pressures. Surface and cross-sections of two kinds of coated HFMs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The HFMs based on water-wetted MicroPES substrate offered a very thin gas gap in the hydrophobic surface coating yielding a high flux of 26.4–27.6 kg/m2-h with 1 wt% feed brine at 70 °C. The fluxes of HFMs on porous PP substrates having a long vapor diffusion path were significantly lower. Coated HFM performances have been compared with flat hydrophilic membranes of polyvinylidene fluoride having a similar plasma-polymerized hydrophobic polyfluorosiloxane coating.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Hydrophobic–Hydrophilic Composite Hollow Fiber and Flat Membranes Prepared by Plasma Polymerization for Direct Contact Membrane Distillation

et al. 2021

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“…In terms of the DCMD stack configuration, sandwiching the heat/feed compartment in between two cold/permeate compartments improved the mass transfer from both sides and lessened the heat loss to the ambient environment; accordingly, higher transmembrane fluxes were obtained. Schwantes and co-workers have also reported that placing the cold channels at the outer sided decreased the heat loss in the feed air gap membrane distillation process [ 22 ].…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Water, Sodium Chloride and Natural Organic Matter Recovery from Ion Exchange Spent Brine

2021

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Despite the tremendous success of the application of anion exchange resins (IX) in natural organic matter (NOM) removal over conventional removal methods, the considerable amount of brine spent during its regeneration cycle makes its sustainability questionable. This polluting saline stream can be challenging to manage and costly to discharge. Alternatively, and with the recent shift in perception of resource recovery, the produced spent brine can no longer be seen as a polluting waste but as an unconventional source of water, minerals and nutrients. In this research, for the first time, we evaluated the effectiveness of an integrated monovalent selective electrodialysis (MSED) and direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system in IX spent brine desalination and resource recovery. Of particular interest were the effects of operating time on the characteristics of the monovalent permselective ion exchange membranes, the impact of the DCMD stack configuration on minimizing heat loss to the ambient environment and the efficacy of the recovered NaCl in the regenerating cycle of the exhausted IXs. Our findings demonstrated that although the recovered NaCl from the stand-alone MSED can restore nearly 60% ion exchange capacity of the exhausted IXs, coupling MSED with DCMD led to minimizing the consumption of fresh NaCl (in the IX regeneration cycle) significantly, the potential application of NOM in agriculture and diminishing the risk of the IX spent brine disposal. In addition, the initial characteristics of the ion permselective membranes were maintained after 24 h of MSED and the transmembrane flux was increased when the feed/hot compartment (in the DCMD stack) was encapsulated on two outer ends with coolant/permeate compartments as a result of less heat loss to the ambient environment.

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“…MD configurations, (A) direct contact MD, (B) air gap MD, (C) sweep gas MD, and (D) vacuum MD (Modified from References 126‐128, License number: 4811910094812) [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: Liquid Desiccant Regeneration Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desiccant solutions, membrane technologies, and regeneration techniques in liquid desiccant air conditioning system

2021

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Liquid desiccant air dehumidification has gained substantial attention recently due to its attractive energy-saving capability, high moisture retention, and low regeneration temperature. However, there are still unresolved limitations in liquid desiccant air conditioning systems (LDACs). Among on-going studies are the search for greener desiccant solvents, high-performance membrane, and regeneration techniques hybridization. This review discusses up-to-date development of the performance influential components of LDACs, such as desiccant properties, regeneration techniques, membranes, energy sources, and hybrid system configurations. The corrosive nature of conventional halide salt solutions, non-biodegradability and high viscosity property of most ionic liquids necessitate the search for alternative solvents in LDACs. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) properties, such as non-corrosive, hygroscopic, biodegradable, and low viscosity idealize promising alternative desiccant solutions. Therefore, DES may be usefully explored and further investigated in LDACs to establish the degree of their capacities in replacing conventional desiccants. Non-thermal regeneration techniques and nanoparticle enhanced membranes were also found to improve the overall energy performance of the LDAC system. Nonthermal regeneration techniques can operate below 40 C and reduce energy utilization between 10% and 50% in indoor space cooling. The coefficient of performance (COP) of this regeneration category is capable of being as high as 6, which is an indication of its promising energy-saving propensity. Highlights• Review on liquid desiccant materials and the potential of deep eutectic solvents as bio-desiccants for air dehumidification.

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Characterization and Assessment of a Novel Plate and Frame MD Module for Single Pass Wastewater Concentration–FEED Gap Air Gap Membrane Distillation

Cited by 18 publications

References 54 publications

Porous Hydrophobic–Hydrophilic Composite Hollow Fiber and Flat Membranes Prepared by Plasma Polymerization for Direct Contact Membrane Distillation

Porous Hydrophobic–Hydrophilic Composite Hollow Fiber and Flat Membranes Prepared by Plasma Polymerization for Direct Contact Membrane Distillation

Towards Water, Sodium Chloride and Natural Organic Matter Recovery from Ion Exchange Spent Brine

Desiccant solutions, membrane technologies, and regeneration techniques in liquid desiccant air conditioning system

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