Characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from enzymatic hydrolysate of Ginkgo biloba leaves

Abstract

Three high purified polysaccharide monomers (GBP11, GBP22, and GBP33) were obtained from enzymatic hydrolysate of Ginkgo biloba leave using DEAE‐Sepharose Fast Flow column and Sephadex G‐100 column, and their basic structural characterization were investigated by utilizing high‐performance liquid chromatography, high‐performance ion chromatography, and Infrared Spectroscopy. In addition, antioxidant activities of related polysaccharides were also evaluated. The results showed that the molecular weight of GBP11, GBP22, and GBP33 were 1.944 × 103 KDa, 5.167 × 103 KDa, and 45.98 KDa, singly, and they were mainly made up of glucose, galactose, arabinose, and rhamnose with a molar ratio of 62.2:1.98:3.84:1.24, 3.57:68.0:4.67:0.36 and 5.34:48.8:1.70:8.97, respectively. Moreover, GBP22, GBP, and GBP11 demonstrated the strongest free radical scavenging activity on DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide anion, showing that they have potential application value on the functional food and cosmetic industry. Practical applications Enzymatic hydrolysate of Ginkgo biloba leaves includes lots of carbohydrate, it will cause eutrophication and environment pollution if it is directly poured out. This research indicates that carbohydrate extracted from enzymatic hydrolysate of Ginkgo biloba leaves are made up of different polysaccharide monomers with various molecular weight and monosaccharide composition. Moreover, these polysaccharide monomers possess appreciating antioxidant activities. Therefore, this research could lay a foundation for the high‐value application of polysaccharides in functional food and cosmetic industry, and provide theoretical reference for the treatment of waste water.

Potential therapeutic target for polysaccharide inhibition of colon cancer progression

“…Furthermore, oxidative stress is recognized as a significant contributing factor to various chronic diseases, including cancer. Polysaccharides from Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBPS) exhibit remarkable activities in scavenging hydroxyl and ABTS free radicals, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities, and preventing oxidative damage to cellular DNA and other molecules, thus providing an effective defense mechanism ( 131 , 132 ). Additionally, the antibacterial properties of polysaccharides also show potential in cancer treatment.…”

The Potential of Ginkgo biloba as a Source of Biologically Active Compounds—A Review of the Recent Literature and Patents

“…All studies have shown a positive damping effect on the developing inflammation. The most commonly observed reductions in nitric oxide, interferon, prostaglandin E2, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-1β were observed in inflamed tissues [ 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 ], as well as inter alia, changes in MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways [ 116 , 122 ], caused, inter alia, by weaker translocation of the nuclear factor NF-κB [ 131 , 132 ]. In addition, there is also increased activation of AMPK protein kinase [ 122 ] and heme oxygenase [ 130 ].…”

“…These analyzes were carried out using various methods (e.g., DPPH, ABTS, scavenging hydroxyl radicals or superoxide anion methods), which does not allow for a direct comparison of the results of all these studies. However, all studies showed the antioxidant activity of the tested substrates, often assessed as high or very high [ 21 , 126 , 131 , 138 , 141 , 142 , 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 , 147 , 148 , 149 ]. However, it was noted that this activity varies depending on the date of leaf harvest: it is the highest in the case of raw material harvested in autumn [ 68 ].…”

Characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharide extracted from Benincasa hispida var. chieh-qua How

“…DPPH free radicals scavenging activity DPPH free radicals scavenging activity of BHCP was evaluated using the method reported (Hu et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2017) with some modifications. First, a series of BHCP solutions (50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000 μg/mL) were prepared, respectively.…”