Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of Polyetherketoneketone Coated with a Silver Nanoparticle-in-Epoxy Lining

Abstract

Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) is an alternative material for use in removable partial denture frameworks; these frameworks must exhibit antibacterial properties to reduce the risk of periodontal disease. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized via the reduction of silver nitrate with sodium borohydride in a solution containing polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). Transmission electron microscope images and dynamic light scattering confirmed that metallic nanoparticles had been created with an average size of 32 nm. Furthermore, the coating of the PEKK polymeric substrate with 0.5% AgNPs was carried out using an epoxy resin lining at room temperature. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the successful transfer of the AgNP-in-resin lining onto the polymeric substrate. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy confirmed that the AgNPs had been uniformly deposited onto the PEKK specimens. Finally, the antibacterial activity of the specimens was tested against Porphyromonas gingivalis. An inhibition zone of 22.5 mm and an antibacterial rate of 83.47% were found for the PEKK coated with 0.5% AgNPs (0.5% Ag-PEKK) compared to an untreated polyetheretherketone (PEEK) substrate, evidencing that 0.5% Ag-PEKK has potential antibacterial properties for implant applications.

Research and Application of Medical Polyetheretherketone as Bone Repair Material

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“…The disc diffusion method manifested antibiotic ability of Ag‐PEKK against P. gingivalis , which is shown in Figure 7E,F. [ 80 ] Therefore, researchers have been conducting experiments on the co‐decoration of Ag and peptides onto PEEK surfaces. [ 81 ] In addition, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles share the same mechanism as Ag + , releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), affecting membrane permeability, and enhancing antibacterial properties.…”

Multifaceted Materials for Enhanced Osteogenesis and Antimicrobial Properties on Bioplastic Polyetheretherketone Surfaces: A Review

“…43 Silver (Ag)-doped coatings have good biocompatibility and show toxicity to mammalian cells only at high concentrations. 44 Lee et al 45 synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with an average size of 32 nm and coated a PEEK polymeric substrate with 0.5% AgNPs using an epoxy resin lining. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy confirmed the uniform deposition of AgNPs onto the PEEK specimens.…”

Strategies to improve the performance of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as orthopedic implants: from surface modification to addition of bioactive materials

“…81 However, how to get the metal ions to bind to PEEK stably and to control its slow release is the main problem that we are currently facing. For this reason, Lee et al 82 found that epoxy resin easily diffuses into PEKK to form a semi-interpenetrating polymer network, so silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were doped into epoxy resin and then physically cross-linked with PEEK. AgNPs was uniformly distributed in the epoxy resin, and the roughness of the sample surface decreased with the increase of Ag concentration.…”