Characterization and anti-tumor activity of alkali-extracted polysaccharide from Enteromorpha intestinalis

Macrophage activation by polysaccharides fromAtractylodes macrocephalaKoidz through the nuclear factor-κB pathway

“…In addition to proinflammatory cytokines, NO has been recognized as the new type of mediator which has the similar functions to these cytokines. NO is regarded as the central molecular in the regulation of immune response (Jiao et al, 2009). IFN-c and TNF-a regulate immune and inflammatory reactions.…”

Structure and immunological activity of a novel polysaccharide from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum

“…In order to investigate a possible immunomodulatory effect of the polysaccharides, contaminant endotoxins were removed from the polysaccharide preparations by affinity chromatography in a polymyxin B-coupled column. Spleen lymphocyte proliferation induced by ConA in vitro may be used as a method to evaluate T lymphocyte activity, while that induced by LPS may be used to examine B lymphocyte activity (Jiao et al, 2009). As observed in Figure 3, when ConA or LPS was added as mitogen for lymphocytes, GLP could significantly increase lymphocytes proliferation (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) especially at the concentration of 200 ug/ml.…”

“…The monosaccharides were conventionally converted into the alditol acetates as described (Sun et al, 2008) and were analyzed by GC as foresaid. The absolute configurations of the monosaccharides were determined as described by Vliegenthart et al using (+)-2-butanol (Oades, 1967;Johnes and Albersheim, 1972).The average molecular weight of GLP was determined by high-performance gelpermeation chromatography (HPGPC) (Zhang et al, 2009), which was performed on a SHIMADZU HPLC system fitted with one TSKgelG3000PWXL column (7.8 × 300 mm TOSOH, Japan) connected to a Shimadzu HPLC system. Twenty microliters of sample (5 mg/ml) was injected, eluted with 0.2 M NaCl at a flow rate of 0.6 ml/min and monitored using a refractive index RID-10A detector (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan).…”

“…An aliquot of 100 l of splenocytes mixed with the polysaccharide (50, 100, 200, 400 g/ml, final concentration) was seeded into each well of a 96-well plate in the presence of ConA (5.0 g/ml) or LPS (10.0 g/ml). After preincubation for three days at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO2 incubator, 10.0 l of 0.4% MTT was added into each well (Jiao et al, 2009). The plate was incubated for another 4 h, and then a total of 150 l Me2SO was added to the culture and homogenized for at least 10 min to fully dissolve the colored material.…”

Molecular Characteristics of Water-Soluble Extracts fromHypsizigus marmoreusand Theirin VitroGrowth Inhibition of Various Cancer Cell Lines and Immunomodulatory Function in Raw 264.7 Cells

“…In particular, NO released from murine macrophages is an important molecule in regulating of the immune response against tumors. 30) The considerable increase in NO released from murine macrophages by the fractions therefore suggests that the they could act as biological response modifiers and thus stimulate the immune response. It has also been reported that -(1,3) glucans from Pleurotus florida and Collybia dryophila are well-known macrophage activators in nature.…”