Characterization and analysis of diesel exhaust odor

Partridge, Patricia A.; Shala, Francis J.; Cernansky, Nicholas P.; Suffet, I. H.

doi:10.1021/es00158a011

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Carbonyls present in motor vehicle exhaust, such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, have been identified as toxic air contaminants, pollutants known or suspected to cause adverse health effects (4). Aldehydes also contribute to diesel exhaust odor (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonyl and Nitrogen Dioxide Emissions From Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Motor Vehicles

Ban-Weiss

McLaughlin²,

Harley³

et al. 2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

138

117

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Carbonyls can be toxic and highly reactive in the atmosphere. To quantify trends in carbonyl emissions from light-duty (LD) vehicles, measurements were made in a San Francisco Bay area highwaytunnel bore containing essentially all LD vehicles during the summers of 1999, 2001, and 2006. The LD vehicle emission factor for formaldehyde, the most abundant carbonyl, did not change between 1999 and 2001, then decreased by 61 +/- 7% between 2001 and 2006. This reduction was due to fleet turnover and the removal of MTBE from gasoline. Acetaldehyde emissions decreased by 19 +/- 2% between 1999 and 2001 and by the same amount between 2001 and 2006. Absent the increased use of ethanol in gasoline after 2003, acetaldehyde emissions would have further decreased by 2006. Carbonyl emission factors for medium- (MD) and heavy-duty (HD) diesel trucks were measured in 2006 in a separate mixed-traffic bore of the tunnel. Emission factors for diesel trucks were higher than those for LD vehicles for all reported carbonyls. Diesel engine exhaust dominates over gasoline engines as a direct source of carbonyl emissions in California. Carbonyl concentrations were also measured in liquid-gasoline samples and were found to be low (< 20 ppm). The gasoline brands that contained ethanol showed higher concentrations of acetaldehyde in unburned fuel versus gasoline that was formulated without ethanol. Measurements of NO2 showed a yearly rate of decrease for LD vehicle emissions similar to that of total NOx in this study. The observed NO2/NOx ratio was 1.2 +/- 0.3% and 3.7 +/- 0.3% for LD vehicles and diesel trucks, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonyl and Nitrogen Dioxide Emissions From Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Motor Vehicles

Ban-Weiss

McLaughlin²,

Harley³

et al. 2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

138

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A large number of studies have been conducted examining the relationships between noxious odors and concentrations of pollutants emitted from sources, such as manufacturing facilities [3], motor vehicles, in particular diesels [4,5], petrochemical plants [6], industrial facilities, landfills [7][8][9][10][11], water treatment plants, waste combustion, and animal processing [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VOCs and Odor Episodes near the German–Czech Border: Social Participation, Chemical Analyses and Health Risk Assessment

Leníček

Beneš

Rychlíková

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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People living on both sides of the German–Czech border are subject to episodes of odor air pollution. A joint German–Czech air sampling and risk assessment project was established to identify the substances responsible and their sources. Twenty-four volunteer study participants, 14 from the NW Czech Republic and 10 from Germany (Saxony) reported odors and collected canister samples during sampling periods in winter 2017 and 2018 and autumn 2018. Canister samples and passive samplers were analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and passive samplers were analyzed for VOCs and carbonyls. OAVs (Odor Activity Values) and back trajectories were calculated with the aim of identifying the odor sources. Calculated OAVs were in excellent agreement with perceived smells close to an oil processing plant. Odorants identified in fifty canister samples during odor episodes and carbonyl measurements close to the edible oil processing plant were used for health evaluation. Odors reported by participants in Saxony frequently differed from those reported by participants in the Czech Republic. This suggests that certain sources of odor lying on either side of the border only affect that side and not the other with similar considerations regarding health effects. VOCs, including carbonyls, were also sampled at two relatively remote locations during winters of 2017 and 2018; two main sources of odorous compounds were identified at these sites. Analysis of samples taken at sampling sites shows that VOC air pollution and, to a lesser extent carbonyl pollution, originate from both industrial and local sources. Even though levels of sampled substances were not associated with acute effects at any site, long-term exposures to selected compounds could be cause for concern for carcinogenicity at some sites. Odors in Seiffen were associated with carcinogenic compounds in can samples. Although not necessarily representative of long-term exposures to the compounds studied, results such as these suggest that further study is needed to better quantify long-term exposure to potentially harmful compounds, and to either confirm or deny the existence of substantive health risk.

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“…In a previous study (5), a broad-spectrum analytical approach was used to investigate the DOAS oxygenate fraction and to determine which components are indicative of the overall odor. The combined application of a sample fractionation-gas chromatographic method with a chromatographic computer-profiling technique resulted in the development of a linean-log correlation between the DOAS odor system and a specific "character impact peak" (which is indicative of the significant differences between samples).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combined application of a sample fractionation-gas chromatographic method with a chromatographic computer-profiling technique resulted in the development of a linean-log correlation between the DOAS odor system and a specific "character impact peak" (which is indicative of the significant differences between samples). The significant character impact peak was identified as benzaldehyde (5). The quantitative relationship between exhaust odor as measured by TIA and the concentration of benzaldehyde in the exhaust was determined to be TIA = 1.11 log10 [B] + 4.10…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%