Characteristics of Λ andK 0 particles produced in central nucleus nucleus collisions at a 4.5 GeV/c momentum per incident nucleon

Anikina, M.; Aksinenko, V. D.; Dementiev, E. A.; Gaździcki, M.; Glagoleva, N.S.; Golokhvastov, A. I.; Goncharova, L. A.; Grachov, O.; Iovchev, K.; Kadykova, S.V.; Kaminsky, N.I.; Khorozov, S.A.; Кузнецова, Е. С.; Lukstiņš, J.; Matyushin, A.T.; Matyushin, V.T.; Okonov, E.O.; Ostanevich, T.G.; Shevchenko, E. A.; Sidorin, S. S.; Vardenga, G.; Balea, O.; Nikorovich, N.; Ponta, T.; Chkhaidze, L.; Dzobava, T.; Destpotashvili, M.; Tuliani, I.; Khusainov, E. K.; Nurgozin, N.; Suleimanov, B.; Skrzypczak, E.; Tymieniecka, T.

doi:10.1007/bf01571951

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…(8.21). 8 This observation suggests that the form of the spin tensor derived by de Groot, van Leeuwen, and van Weert is, in fact, a very natural choice for the hydrodynamic treatment of spin. This would also indicate that one should make an attempt to derive hydrodynamic equations with spin using the GLW expression for the spin tensor.…”

Section: Hydrodynamics From Moments Of the Kinetic Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermodynamic versus kinetic approach to polarization-vorticity coupling

2018

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We critically compare thermodynamic and kinetic approaches, that have been recently used to study relations between the spin polarization and fluid vorticity in systems consisting of spin-one-half particles. The thermodynamic approach refers to general properties of global thermal equilibrium with a rigid-like rotation and demonstrates that the spin-polarization and thermal-vorticity tensors are equal. On the other hand, the kinetic approach uses the concept of the Wigner function and its semiclassical expansion. In most of the works done so far, the Wigner functions satisfy kinetic equations with a vanishing collision term. We show that this assumption restricts significantly applicability of such frameworks and, in contrast to many claims found in the literature, does not allow for drawing any conclusions regarding the relation between the thermal-vorticity and spin-polarization tensors, except for the fact that the two should be constant in global equilibrium. We further show how the kinetic-theory equations including spin degrees of freedom can be used to formulate a hydrodynamic framework for particles with spin. We define hydrodynamic equations starting separately from the formulation by de Groot, van Leeuwen, and van Weert and from the canonical formalism. In the former case the energy-momentum tensor is symmetric and the spin tensor is conserved, while in the later case the energymomentum tensor is not symmetric and the spin tensor is not conserved. Nevertheless, in the two cases the total angular momentum is always conserved. Interestingly, the two approaches are connected by the pseudo-gauge transformation, which we explicitly define.

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Section: Hydrodynamics From Moments Of the Kinetic Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, the longitudinal polarization of Λ was discussed already in 1980s by Jacob and Rafelski in connection with the quark-gluon plasma formation [7]. However, the negative results were reported by the first heavy-ion experiments that measured the Λ spin polarization in Dubna [8], at CERN [9] and BNL [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic versus kinetic approach to polarization-vorticity coupling

2018

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“…Since this is an independent constraint, one has to introduce an antisymmetric tensor field . It is dubbed the spin chemical potential or the spin polarization tensor 4 . In analogy with the variable , the components of play a role of Lagrange multipliers coupled to the spin tensor.…”

Section: (16)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relativistic hydrodynamics for spin-polarized fluids

Florkowski

Kumar

Ryblewski

2019

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

200

193

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A R T I C L E I N F O Keywords: relativistic heavy-ion collisions relativistic hydrodynamics spin polarization pseudo-gauge transformations semi-classical expansion Pauli-Lubański vector A B S T R A C T Recent progress in the formulation of relativistic hydrodynamics for particles with spin one-half is reviewed. We start with general arguments advising introduction of a tensor spin chemical potential that plays a role of the Lagrange multiplier coupled to the spin angular momentum. Then, we turn to a discussion of spin-dependent distribution functions that have been recently proposed to construct a hydrodynamic framework including spin and serve as a tool in phenomenological studies of hadron polarization. Distribution functions of this type are subsequently used to construct the equilibrium Wigner functions that are employed in the semi-classical kinetic equation. The semi-classical expansion elucidates several aspects of the hydrodynamic approach, in particular, shows the ways in which different possible versions of hydrodynamics with spin can be connected by pseudo-gauge transformations. These results point out at using the de Grootvan Leeuwen -van Weert versions of the energy-momentum and spin tensors as the most natural and complete physical variables. Finally, a totally new method is proposed to design hydrodynamics with spin, which is based on the classical treatment of spin degrees of freedom. Interestingly, for small values of the spin chemical potential the new scheme brings the results that coincide with those obtained before. The classical approach also helps us to resolve problems connected with the normalization of the spin polarization three-vector. In addition, it clarifies the role of the Pauli-Lubański vector and the entropy current conservation. We close our review with several general comments presenting possible future developments of the discussed frameworks.

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“…In the context of the recent experiments, probably the most interesting issue is the determination of the longitudinal (i.e., along the beam axis) polarization of Λ and Λ. This observable was first discussed by Jacob and Rafelski [42,43], however, the first heavy-ion collision experiments in Dubna [44], at CERN [45] and BNL [46] reported negative results. A breakthrough came when the Λ( Λ)-hyperon spin polarization was measured very recently by the STAR collaboration [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin polarization evolution in a boost-invariant hydrodynamical background

et al. 2019

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Relativistic hydrodynamic equations for particles with spin 1 /2 are used to determine the spacetime evolution of the spin polarization in a boost-invariant and transversely homogeneous background. The hydrodynamic approach uses the forms of the energy-momentum and spin tensors based on de Groot, van Leeuwen, and van Weert formalism. Our calculations illustrate how the formalism of hydrodynamics with spin can be used to determine physical observables related to the spin polarization and how the latter can be compared with the experimental data.

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Characteristics of Λ andK 0 particles produced in central nucleus nucleus collisions at a 4.5 GeV/c momentum per incident nucleon

Cited by 26 publications

References 11 publications

Thermodynamic versus kinetic approach to polarization-vorticity coupling

Thermodynamic versus kinetic approach to polarization-vorticity coupling

Relativistic hydrodynamics for spin-polarized fluids

Spin polarization evolution in a boost-invariant hydrodynamical background

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