Abstract:Nanomer and Cloisite are the popular commercial nanoclays (NC) available in the market. The mechanical properties of wood—plastic composite (WPC) based on linear low density polyethylene with or without wood fiber are compared for different added nanoclays. In addition, the moisture uptakes at 23°C and 45% RH and water uptake/loss after immersion in water are evaluated. I.34TCN type nanoclay as well as Cloisite Na+ lead to composites with superior mechanical properties and better water resistance behaviors com… Show more
“…Hydrophilic rice husk is the main component that causes water absorption in the biocomposite-reinforced RHF. As the RHF content in the composites increased, the water absorption also increased because of the increase in the number of water residence sites in the form of RHF free hydroxyl groups, which attracted water molecules via hydrogen bonding (Gu et al 2010). Figure 7 depicts the water loss of composites made with 70 wt.% RHF with various interfacial modifications.…”
Section: Water Behaviourmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…More water absorbed leads to more water loss. Because of the oven-drying at 105 °C, natural fibre-reinforced composites may also lose a small amount of soluble compounds, including the highly carboxylic groups of low-molecular weight hemicellulose, lignin, and extractives, after 13 weeks of soaking (Gu et al 2010).…”
Biocomposites were prepared with rice husk flour (RHF) (raw and alkalitreated) in a recycled polymer blend (RPB) using a co-rotating twin screw extruder. Modifications to the composite were carried out through fibre surface treatment with 4 wt.% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 3 wt.% maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE) coupling agent. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses of raw and NaOH-treated RHF were performed. The effects of the interfacial modification (MAPE or/and NaOH) and filler loading (50 to 80 wt.%) on the mechanical, physical, and morphological properties were investigated. Improvements in the tensile strength and Young's modulus as well as reduction in water absorption and water loss were observed for raw RHF composites incorporated with MAPE. Alkalisation of fibres resulted only in an enhancement in elongation and impact strength. The composite with 70 wt.% RHF modified with only MAPE exhibited the highest tensile strength and modulus, 22.2 and 711.6 MPa, respectively. The general trend of the composite results exhibited some decrease in water absorption and water loss from untreated RHF composites with only MAPE modification as compared to the NaOHtreated composite, although a rougher surface for the treated fibres was revealed in SEM images.
“…Hydrophilic rice husk is the main component that causes water absorption in the biocomposite-reinforced RHF. As the RHF content in the composites increased, the water absorption also increased because of the increase in the number of water residence sites in the form of RHF free hydroxyl groups, which attracted water molecules via hydrogen bonding (Gu et al 2010). Figure 7 depicts the water loss of composites made with 70 wt.% RHF with various interfacial modifications.…”
Section: Water Behaviourmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…More water absorbed leads to more water loss. Because of the oven-drying at 105 °C, natural fibre-reinforced composites may also lose a small amount of soluble compounds, including the highly carboxylic groups of low-molecular weight hemicellulose, lignin, and extractives, after 13 weeks of soaking (Gu et al 2010).…”
Biocomposites were prepared with rice husk flour (RHF) (raw and alkalitreated) in a recycled polymer blend (RPB) using a co-rotating twin screw extruder. Modifications to the composite were carried out through fibre surface treatment with 4 wt.% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 3 wt.% maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE) coupling agent. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses of raw and NaOH-treated RHF were performed. The effects of the interfacial modification (MAPE or/and NaOH) and filler loading (50 to 80 wt.%) on the mechanical, physical, and morphological properties were investigated. Improvements in the tensile strength and Young's modulus as well as reduction in water absorption and water loss were observed for raw RHF composites incorporated with MAPE. Alkalisation of fibres resulted only in an enhancement in elongation and impact strength. The composite with 70 wt.% RHF modified with only MAPE exhibited the highest tensile strength and modulus, 22.2 and 711.6 MPa, respectively. The general trend of the composite results exhibited some decrease in water absorption and water loss from untreated RHF composites with only MAPE modification as compared to the NaOHtreated composite, although a rougher surface for the treated fibres was revealed in SEM images.
“…23,28,29 Hydrophilicity and polarity of lignocellulosic fibers as well as the hydroxyl and carboxyl moieties existing on fiber surfaces lead to the formation of hydrogen bonding between water molecules and natural fibers. 30 Figure 2 shows the percentages of water absorption and thickness swelling in the studied nanocomposites after 3 weeks of immersion in water. As observed, there is the same water absorption and thickness swelling trends in the studied composte formulations.Figure 2.Water absorption and thickness swelling of WPCs.…”
Valorization of wheat straw fiber/recycled polypropylene nanocomposites was investigated through studying the individual and combined effects of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) and alkali treatments on the given composites. FTIR spectra indicated the reduction of wheat straw fibers' hydroxyl groups due to hemicellulose removal resulting from alkali treatment. There were also trace diminutions in C-O peak intensities due to the degradation of little amounts of lignin. X-ray analysis revealed the intercalation of nanoclay in the polymer matrix. The improved interaction of fiber-polymer interfaces brought about by alkali treatment was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The water absorption and thickness swelling properties of the nanocomposites were improved due to the barrier properties of nanoclay against water ingress. The flexural strength and modulus of elasticity increased by the individual, and likewise combined treatments. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that the temperatures of first and second stages of composites' thermal degradation increased via the formation of a carbonized char layer thermally insulating the deeper composite layers. Differential scanning calorimetry showed some slight increases in the melting temperature, melting enthalpy, crystallisation temperature, crystallisation enthalpy, and crystallinity index of the treated composites due to the nucleating effect of nanofillers. The overall results showed that the combined treatment of OMMT and NaOH (vs. the individual ones) could significantly improve the overall properties of the studied composites. This was due to some interesting synergistic effects of the given treatments converting the wheat straw fiber/recycled polypropylene nanocomposites to high performance materials of choice for industry.
“…This allows maintaining all the advantages of the original composite simultaneously. The essential benefits of nanoparticles in WPC production are increased stiffness without loss of impact strength, dimensional stability, improvement of the barrier effect, and reduced surface defects of products [ 14 ].…”
In this study, the effect of wood powder and nanoclay particle content on composites’ mechanical behavior made with polyethylene matrix has been investigated. The wood flour as a reinforcer made of wood powder was at levels of 30, 40, and 50 wt.%, and additional reinforcement with nanoclay at 0, 1, 3, and 5 wt.%. Furthermore, to make a composite matrix, high-density polyethylene was used at levels of 70, 60, and 50% by weight. Wood-plastic composite (WPC) specimens were manufactured in injection molding. After preparing the specimens, tensile and bending tests were performed on samples. The mechanical properties such as tensile and flexural strength and flexural modulus were measured. Results showed that nanoclay particle content increases flexural modulus, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and tensile strength. The experimental test results show that Young’s moduli increased with the volume of wood flour. The biggest modulus of elasticity was achieved in the samples having 50 wt.% of wood powder. Furthermore, the highest value of tensile strength was achieved at the level of 30 wt.%. The highest flexural strength was for the sample containing 50% wood powder by weight. Additionally, a numerical model was made utilizing the Abaqus software using the finite element method (FEM). Comparing the numerical and experimental results, it was found that they are compatible in the linear-elastic and plastic state of the material. There are no crucial differences between experiment and FEM.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
