Characteristics of Watershed in Central Kalimantan

Itakura, Tadaoki; Nakatsugawa, Makoto; Sugimoto, Hikaru; Watanabe, Yasuharu

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-55681-7_16

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The inundation at Blocked may be related to the dam position and size (see Ditch dam effects on water levels subsection), rainfall, and the wet season water‐level condition at the lowest outlet of the peatland area (see also Kasih et al, 2016; Ritzema et al, 2014; Urzainki et al, 2020). Inundation may also be related to river water levels, especially at Forested which was quite close to the Punggualas river, because a higher river level will reduce hydraulic gradients for areas alongside the river (see also the study by Itakura et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inundation at Blocked may be related to Urzainki et al, 2020). Inundation may also be related to river water levels, especially at Forested which was quite close to the Punggualas river, because a higher river level will reduce hydraulic gradients for areas alongside the river (see also the study by Itakura et al, 2016).…”

Section: Water Tables In Different Peatland Settingsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Localized rainfall may still occur in May and June. The typical annual rainfall in Sebangau is between 2,700 and 3,300 mm (Itakura et al, 2016; Page et al, 2004). The mean annual temperature ranges from around 26.2 to 28.1°C (Hirano et al, 2014; Rahajoe et al, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of ditch dams on water‐level dynamics in tropical peatlands

Putra

Holden

Baird

2021

Hydrological Processes

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A significant proportion of tropical peatlands has been drained for agricultural purposes, resulting in severe degradation. Hydrological restoration, which usually involves blocking ditches, is therefore a priority. Nevertheless, the influence of ditch blocking on tropical peatland hydrological functioning is still poorly understood. We studied water-level dynamics using a combination of automated and manual dipwells, and also meteorological data during dry and wet seasons over 6 months at three locations in Sebangau National Park, Kalimantan, Indonesia. The locations were a forested peatland (Forested), a drained peatland with ditch dams (Blocked), and a drained peatland without ditch dams (Drained). In the dry season, water tables at all sites were deeper than the Indonesian regulatory requirement of 40 cm from the peat surface. In the dry season, the ditches were dry and water did not flow to them.The dry season water-table drawdown ratessolely due to evapotranspirationwere 9.3 mm day À1 at Forested, 9.6 mm day À1 at Blocked, but 12.7 mm day À1 at Drained. In the wet season, the proportion of time during which water tables in the wells were deeper than the 40 cm limit ranged between 16% and 87% at Forested, 0% at Blocked, and between 0% and 38% at Drained. In the wet season, water flowed from the peatland to ditches at Blocked and Drained. The interquartile range of hydraulic gradients between the lowest ditch outlet and the farthest well from ditches at Blocked was 3.7 Â 10 À4 to 7.8 Â 10 À4 m m À1 , but 1.9 Â 10 À3 to 2.6 Â 10 À3 m m À1 at Drained. Given the results from Forested, a water-table depth limit policy based on field data may be required, to reflect natural seasonal dynamics in tropical peatlands. Revised spatial designs of dams or bunds are also required, to ensure effective water-table management as part of tropical peatland restoration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water Tables In Different Peatland Settingsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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The effects of ditch dams on water‐level dynamics in tropical peatlands

Putra

Holden

Baird

2021

Hydrological Processes

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“…The CO2 fluxes on the cropland are higher than in the forest probably because of the effect of fertilization (Hirano et al, 2016). The Kalampangan Canal was constructed to lower the groundwater level so it dries up the peatland to cultivate and releases CO2 (Itakura et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of rice husk biochar and raised bed on CO2 flux and shallot (Allium cepa L.) production on peatland

Kusuma

Maas

Utami

et al. 2021

Sains Tanah J. Soil Sci. Agroclimatology

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This study aims to assess the effect of rice husk biochar, raised beds, and chicken manure on the CO2 flux and shallot production on peatland. This study adopted a factorial randomized block design with three factors and three replications. The P1 treatment was recommended by the Swamp Land Agricultural Research Institute by adding chicken manure (5 ton ha−1) and rice husk biochar (5 ton ha−1) while the P2 treatment was recommended by the Vegetable Research Institute by adding chicken manure (10 ton ha−1). The raised beds heights were 20 cm (A) and 30 cm (B). Variance analyses were applied to each observation variable and followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test at a 5% level. The P1A treatment was the best in improving the shallot production up to 10.88 tons and producing the lowest CO2 cumulative flux up to 0.158 ton ha-1 season-1.

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“…Peatland in Southeast Asia is degrading due to logging, conversion into other land uses, especially industrial plantations, drainage, and fires [171][172][173]. As an example, in Central Kalimantan in 1995, the government of Indonesia initiated a peatland development project to convert 1 million ha of peat and lowland swamp into rice fields [174,175], known as the Mega Rice Project (MRP). More than 4000 km of canals were built, including primary, secondary, and tertiary canals [174].…”

Section: Peatland Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Sustainability of Watershed Management in Indonesia

Narendra¹,

Siregar²,

Dharmawan³

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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This paper provides an overview of the implementation and obstacles of watershed management, and the alternative solutions based on a synoptic review of related studies and experiences across Indonesia. The review found that problems in the institutional aspect were hierarchical confusion, discrepancy, and asynchrony among regulations, and weak (participation, synchronization, and coordination) among watershed management stakeholders. The weaknesses in the planning stage are integration among sectors, a lack of community participation, and limited readiness to integrate watershed planning into regional planning. Stakeholders’ involvement is also a critical factor in successful implementation of degraded watershed rehabilitation, including in peatland and mangrove areas. Failure should be minimized by providing adequate information on degraded watershed characteristics, appropriate species choices, and effective mechanical construction for soil and water conservation. Community participation as the main factor in driving watershed management should be achieved by strengthening public awareness of the importance of a sustainable watershed and providing access for the community to be involved in each stage of watershed management. Another problem is data gaps which are essential to address from the planning to evaluation stages. The gaps can be bridged by using remotely sensed data and by applying hydrological-based simulation models. Simplified criteria for watershed assessment may also be required, depending on site-specific issues and the watershed scale.

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Characteristics of Watershed in Central Kalimantan

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

The effects of ditch dams on water‐level dynamics in tropical peatlands

The effects of ditch dams on water‐level dynamics in tropical peatlands

Effects of rice husk biochar and raised bed on CO2 flux and shallot (Allium cepa L.) production on peatland

A Review on Sustainability of Watershed Management in Indonesia

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