Characteristics of volatile organic compounds produced from five pathogenic bacteria by headspace‐solid phase micro‐extraction/gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry

Abstract

The characteristics of volatile compounds from five different bacterial species, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Enteritidis, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes, growing, respectively, in trypticase soy broth were monitored by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that most volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of five pathogens started to increase after the sixth to tenth hour. Methyl ketones and long chain alcohols were representative volatiles for three Gram-negative bacteria. The especially high production of indole was characterized to E. coli O157:H7. The production of 3-hydroxy-2-butanone was indicative of the presence of two Gram-positive bacteria. Both 3-methyl-butanoic acid and 3-methyl-butanal were unique biomarkers for S. aureus. The population dynamics of individual pathogen could be monitored using the accumulation of VOCs correlated with its growth. And these five pathogens could be distinguishable though principle component analysis of 18 volatile metabolites. Moreover, the mixed culture of S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7 was also investigated. The levels of 3-methyl-butanal and 3-methyl-butanoic acid were largely reduced; while the level of indole almost unchanged and correlated with E. coli O157:H7 growth very well. The characteristics of volatiles from the five foodborne pathogens could lay a fundamental basis for further research into pathogen contamination control by detecting volatile signatures of pathogens.

Evaluation of needle trap micro‐extraction and solid‐phase micro‐extraction: Obtaining comprehensive information on volatile emissions from in vitro cultures

“…Carbowax–DVB (Tankevičiūtė, Panavaitė, Kazlauskas, & Vičkačkaitė, ). This is in agreement with other studies of bacterial VOCs where more alcohols were detectable when DVB was included into the fiber material (Chen, Tang, Shi, Tang, & Zhang, ; Correa, Coronado, Garrido, Durant‐Archibold, & Spadafora, ). The LOD of ethanol was higher for NTME compared with other volatile alcohols due to a high background signal.…”

Lab-Made Electronic Nose for Fast Detection of Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus

“…As listed in Tables 1 and 3, each type of bacteria produces marker gases that useful for differentiation. The MVOCs produced by L. monocytogenes when incubated in TSB medium included 2-undecanone, 2-nonanone/1-undecene, dimethyl trisulfide, aldehydes, acetone, ketone, 3-methyl-butanal, 2-methyl-butane, and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, which can be used as a marker of the growth phase [25,27]. Meanwhile, B. cereus produces 2-undecanone and dimethylsulfide, 4-hydroxy-2-butanone, ethyl acetate, n-pentanal, n-hexanal, as well as octanal, and the main yield is pentadecanal [28,29].…”

Toona sinensis: a comprehensive review on its traditional usages, phytochemisty, pharmacology and toxicology

“…As well known that, special perfume is one of the characteristics of T. sinensis plant, thus previous researchers have investigated the volatile oils of this plant. For extraction of volatile oils from T. sinensis, the hydro-distillation and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) are commonly used, and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is often used to identify the composition of volatile oil (Chen et al, 2009a;Li and Wang, 2014). Nowadays, over forty volatile components were isolated and identified from the tender shoots and leaves of T. sinensis.…”

“…Nowadays, over forty volatile components were isolated and identified from the tender shoots and leaves of T. sinensis. These constituents are mainly sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons, including caryophyllenes, ␤-caryophyllenes, copaenes and ␤-eudesmenes (Chen et al, 2009a;Dong et al, 2013b;Wu et al, 2014).…”