Characteristics of Viologen Derivatives for Electrochromic Display

Abstract

Non-contact measurement of torsion on a rotating shaft was done with fibre Bragg gratings and involved the use of graded index lenses for transmitting optical information between the light source and the gratings, and back to a spectrum analyser. Special Böhler steel with high yield strength was used for the shaft. For the experimental measurements, one end of the shaft was clamped in a lathe chuck, and the other end was fixed to a brake system, allowing the application of torque on the rotating shaft. Up to 97 N m of torque was applied to the shaft rotating at 190 rpm, and the results were very close to the expected values. Whereas torsion changes the differential-mode wavelength of the gratings in the proposed configuration, this wavelength difference is insensitive to temperature. For the particular system investigated experimentally, the differential wavelength change was 7.4 pm N −1 m −1 , and the corresponding temperature sensitivity was −0.547 pm • C −1 .

In situ observation of the initial adsorption process of heptylviologen cation radicals by slab optical waveguide spectroscopy synchronized with electrode potential modulation methods

“…(3) is a less reversible reaction and a solid deposit with yellow color forms on the electrode surface. These film formation processes have been solved by a number of researchers using various analytical techniques [29,[32][33][34][35][36].…”

Convection‐Flow‐Assisted Preparation of a Strong Electron Dopant, Benzyl Viologen, for Surface‐Charge Transfer Doping of Molybdenum Disulfide

“…To understand why the reaction proceeds in the indium and manganese cases, the standard reduction potential was considered. In the case of indium, In 2 O 3 /In, In(OH) 4 À /In, and In(OH) 3 /In redox pairs showed the reduction potential about À 1 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), [25] which was more negative than BV 2 + /BV + and BV + /BV 0 redox pairs of À 0.36 V and À 0.58 V, [26] respectively, vs. SHE (Figure 2e). Indications of a continuous reaction were observed, indicating that the aqueous-soluble In(OH) 4 À might have been generated.…”

High performance squarylium dyes for high‐tech use

“…Electrochromism is a reversible colour change in a material caused by an applied electric field or current. A large number of organic compounds develop absorption bands in the visible region of the spectrum upon redox reaction and most compounds in this class exhibit electrochromic phenomena by reversible electrode deposition [14,15].…”