Characteristics of US Travelers to Zika Virus–Affected Countries in the Americas, March 2015–October 2016

Lammert, Sara; Walker, Allison Taylor; Erskine, Stefanie; Rao, Sowmya R.; Esposito, Douglas H.; Ryan, Edward T.; Robbins, Gregory K.; LaRocque, Regina C.

doi:10.3201/eid2302.161292

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…The demographic data of cases reported in this study were very similar to those reported among US travellers (60% women) [ 9 ]: considering the risk of severe pregnancy outcomes [ 10 ], it is expected that women of reproductive age, and particularly pregnant women, are more frequently tested. In our study, approximately 16% of infected women of reproductive age were pregnant, which is suggestive of increased testing in pregnant women.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Surveillance of Zika virus infection in the EU/EEA, June 2015 to January 2017

et al. 2017

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Surveillance of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) was implemented in 2016 in response to the large outbreak reported in the Americas in 2015 associated with an increased number of infants born with microcephaly. Between June 2015 and January 2017, 21 EU/EEA countries reported 2,133 confirmed cases of ZIKV infection, of whom 106 were pregnant women. Cases infected in the Caribbean constituted 71% of reported cases. Almost all cases (99%) were most probably infected by mosquito bite during travel outside continental Europe, while only 1% were transmitted sexually. Considering that 584 imported cases were reported between May and October 2016 among residents of areas with established presence of Aedes albopictus , the absence of autochthonous vector-borne cases suggests that Ae. albopictus is not an efficient vector for ZIKV infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Surveillance of Zika virus infection in the EU/EEA, June 2015 to January 2017

et al. 2017

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“…Our results approximate the Global Travel Epidemiology Network analysis of pretravel consultations (13), in which 28% of 22,736 travelers planned trips to ZIKV-affected countries and >75% were of reproductive age. Another study retrospectively reviewed 46 patients for possible ZIKV infection and found 17% had laboratory evidence of infection (14).…”

supporting

confidence: 73%

Systematic Hospital-Based Travel Screening to Assess Exposure to Zika Virus1

Iqbal¹,

Colgrove²,

Iacoviello³

et al. 2020

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Similarly, certain destination-specific illness risks have changed over the past 40 years. For example, the risk of acquiring an illness such as malaria, where national and global control programs successfully decreased disease prevalence, declined substantially, 26 while the risk of acquiring other emerging infectious diseases, such as Zika virus, 27 has simultaneously increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What proportion of international travellers acquire a travel-related illness? A review of the literature

Angelo

Kozarsky

Ryan

et al. 2017

Journal of Travel Medicine

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Introduction As international travel increases, travellers may be at increased risk of acquiring infectious diseases not endemic in their home countries. Many journal articles and reference books related to travel medicine cite that between 22–64% of international travellers become ill during or after travel; however, this information is minimal, outdated and limited by poor generalizability. We aim to provide a current and more accurate estimate of the proportion of international travellers who acquire a travel-related illness. Methods We identified studies via PubMed or travel medicine experts, published between January 1, 1976–December 31, 2016 that included the number of international travellers acquiring a travel-related illness. We excluded studies that focused on a single disease or did not determine a rate based on the total number of travellers. We abstracted information on traveller demographics, trip specifics, study enrollment and follow-up and number of ill travellers and their illnesses. Results Of 743 studies, nine met the inclusion criteria. The data sources were from North America (four studies) and Europe (five studies). Most travellers were tourists, the most frequent destination regions were Asia and Africa, and the median trip duration ranged from 8–21 days. Six studies enrolled participants at the travellers’ pre-travel consultation. All studies collected data through either extraction from the medical record, weekly diaries, or pre- and post-travel questionnaires. Data collection timeframes varied by study. Between 6–87% of travellers became ill across all studies. Four studies provided the best estimate: between 43–79% of travellers who frequently visited developing nations (e.g. India, Tanzania, and Kenya) became ill; travellers most frequently reported diarrhoea. Conclusion This is the most comprehensive assessment available on the proportion of international travellers that develop a travel-related illness. Additional cohort studies would provide needed data to more precisely determine the rates of illness in international travellers.

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Characteristics of US Travelers to Zika Virus–Affected Countries in the Americas, March 2015–October 2016

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Surveillance of Zika virus infection in the EU/EEA, June 2015 to January 2017

Surveillance of Zika virus infection in the EU/EEA, June 2015 to January 2017

Systematic Hospital-Based Travel Screening to Assess Exposure to Zika Virus1

What proportion of international travellers acquire a travel-related illness? A review of the literature

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