Characteristics of three listeriaphages isolated from New Zealand seafood environments

Arachchi, G.J. Ganegama; Mutukumira, Anthony N.; Dias-Wanigasekera, Beatrice M.; Cruz, Cristina D.; McIntyre, Lynn; Young, James B.; Flint, Steve; Hudson, Andrew; Billington, Craig

doi:10.1111/jam.12332

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…S2 and Table S1, and Movie S2). The double-layered baseplate architecture, which is specific for the contracted tail (Movie S3), is structurally distinct and has been observed in negative-stain micrographs of many Myoviridae phages (5)(6)(7). A characteristic feature of the double-layered baseplate is compact building blocks, which were previously described as thick legs of a "Victorian side table," organized in two concentrical hexamers (8).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Structure and genome release of Twort-like Myoviridae phage with a double-layered baseplate

Nováček

Šiborová

Benešík

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Bacteriophages from the family Myoviridae use double-layered contractile tails to infect bacteria. Contraction of the tail sheath enables the tail tube to penetrate through the bacterial cell wall and serve as a channel for the transport of the phage genome into the cytoplasm. However, the mechanisms controlling the tail contraction and genome release of phages with “double-layered” baseplates were unknown. We used cryo-electron microscopy to show that the binding of the Twort-like phage phi812 to the Staphylococcus aureus cell wall requires a 210° rotation of the heterohexameric receptor-binding and tripod protein complexes within its baseplate about an axis perpendicular to the sixfold axis of the tail. This rotation reorients the receptor-binding proteins to point away from the phage head, and also results in disruption of the interaction of the tripod proteins with the tail sheath, hence triggering its contraction. However, the tail sheath contraction of Myoviridae phages is not sufficient to induce genome ejection. We show that the end of the phi812 double-stranded DNA genome is bound to one protein subunit from a connector complex that also forms an interface between the phage head and tail. The tail sheath contraction induces conformational changes of the neck and connector that result in disruption of the DNA binding. The genome penetrates into the neck, but is stopped at a bottleneck before the tail tube. A subsequent structural change of the tail tube induced by its interaction with the S. aureus cell is required for the genome’s release.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Structure and genome release of Twort-like Myoviridae phage with a double-layered baseplate

Nováček

Šiborová

Benešík

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…However, it has been shown that Listeria populations treated with phages can give rise to phageresistant mutant strains that can grow in the presence of the applied phages (24, 25). To our knowledge, no study to date has characterized these Listeria mutant strains beyond determining their sensitivity to phage infection.Listeria phages have been readily isolated from environmental sources, including dairy silage (26, 27), sewage effluent (28), sheep feces (29), and food processing plants (24,30,31). Currently characterized Listeria phages are all members of the order Caudovirales, i.e., tailed phages, and can be organized into evolutionarily conserved groups based on morphology and genome composition (32).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Listeria phages have been readily isolated from environmental sources, including dairy silage (26, 27), sewage effluent (28), sheep feces (29), and food processing plants (24,30,31). Currently characterized Listeria phages are all members of the order Caudovirales, i.e., tailed phages, and can be organized into evolutionarily conserved groups based on morphology and genome composition (32).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection and Characterization of Phage-Resistant Mutant Strains of Listeria monocytogenes Reveal Host Genes Linked to Phage Adsorption

Denes

Bakker

Tokman

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

104

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Listeria-infecting phages are readily isolated from Listeria-containing environments, yet little is known about the selective forces they exert on their host. Here, we identified that two virulent phages, LP-048 and LP-125, adsorb to the surface of Listeria monocytogenes strain 10403S through different mechanisms. We isolated and sequenced, using whole-genome sequencing, 69 spontaneous mutant strains of 10403S that were resistant to either one or both phages. Mutations from 56 phage-resistant mutant strains with only a single mutation mapped to 10 genes representing five loci on the 10403S chromosome. An additional 12 mutant strains showed two mutations, and one mutant strain showed three mutations. Two of the loci, containing seven of the genes, accumulated the majority (n ‫؍‬ 64) of the mutations. A representative mutant strain for each of the 10 genes was shown to resist phage infection through mechanisms of adsorption inhibition. Complementation of mutant strains with the associated wild-type allele was able to rescue phage susceptibility for 6 out of the 10 representative mutant strains. Wheat germ agglutinin, which specifically binds to N-acetylglucosamine, bound to 10403S and mutant strains resistant to LP-048 but did not bind to mutant strains resistant to only LP-125. We conclude that mutant strains resistant to only LP-125 lack terminal N-acetylglucosamine in their wall teichoic acid (WTA), whereas mutant strains resistant to both phages have disruptive mutations in their rhamnose biosynthesis operon but still possess N-acetylglucosamine in their WTA. V irulent phages have been shown to present a tremendous selective pressure on their bacterial host populations. Not only is phage predation a major driver of bacterial diversification (1, 2), but it may also select for hypermutators, which could increase the frequency of mutations in bacterial populations (3, 4). Whereas bacteria are limited to one cell division per generation, a single phage-infected cell can produce a burst ranging from less than 5 to over 1,000 progeny phages in a similar period of time (5-7). Phages consequently have the capability to rapidly outgrow their bacterial hosts and can significantly reduce or eliminate susceptible bacteria in the local environment (8, 9). Therefore, the potential for bacterial strains to persist in an environment containing lytic phages may be contingent upon that strain accumulating spontaneous mutations that grant resistance to phage infection (10). These phage-resistant mutant strains most typically resist phage infection through mechanisms of adsorption inhibition, i.e., alterations of the cell surface that affect phage attachment (11). However, one study reported that nearly all phage-resistant mutant strains of Streptococcus thermophilus had acquired CRISPR spacers that matched invading phage genomes (12); these S. thermophilus mutant strains would be expected to resist phage infection after the adsorption step. Phage-resistant mutant strains that resist infection through mechanisms of adsorption inh...

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“…DNAs were treated with Cla1 and Sac1 enzymes (New England Biolabs) and separated by gel electrophoresis. The fragmented DNAs were visualized with the UV transilluminator (Daihan Scientific, WUV‐L20, Seoul, Korea; Arachchi et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phage lysates which chosen for the cocktail were purified by centrifugation (Hermle Labortechnik GmbH Z326K, Wehingen, Germany) at 20,980 × g for 3 hr, and then phage pellets were suspended in SM buffer. Aqueous uranyl acetate solution (2%) was used as the stain and phage suspensions were adsorbed onto carbon‐coated 300 mesh copper grids (TED PELLA Inc., Redding, CA; Arachchi et al, ). Phages were imaged by transmission electron microscopy (TEM; Jeol JEM‐1400, USA) at 80 kV .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Listeria monocytogenes risk associated with chicken at slaughter and biocontrol with three new bacteriophages

Çufaoğlu

Ayaz

2019

Journal of Food Safety

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The aim of this study was to isolate Listeria monocytogenes from chicken neck skins and lytic bacteriophages from poultry slaughterhouse wastewaters, and following the characterization of the isolates, biocontrol of L. monocytogenes was investigated on chicken drumsticks with the isolated phages. L. monocytogenes prevalence was detected 12.3% in the chicken samples and the dominant serotype was determined as 1/2a (92.5%). Expression levels of major virulence genes were revealed by real‐time RT‐PCR. Ten different DNA profiles were detected by ERIC‐PCR fingerprinting. According to the MIC results, LM‐P75 was defined as MDR by showing resistance to antibiotics in six different groups. Besides, five lytic listeriophages were isolated from wastewaters and treated with Cla1 and Sac1. Taking EoP, TEM, in vitro, and in vivo analyses results into consideration, three bacteriophages were used for the biocontrol assay. The application of the bacteriophages on drumsticks achieved a reduction up to 3.3 log CFU/ml in L. monocytogenes count in 3 hr of incubation at 4°C. Practical applications Our results showed that in spite of the developments in hygiene practices during slaughtering, chicken meat is still a potential source for L. monocytogenes. On the other hand, the phage cocktail that used in this study can be an effective tool to reduce L. monocytogenes in chicken carcasses at final wash or at cooling step in poultry slaughtering process, as well as in decontamination of chicken meat parts.

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Characteristics of three listeriaphages isolated from New Zealand seafood environments

Cited by 17 publications

References 50 publications

Structure and genome release of Twort-like Myoviridae phage with a double-layered baseplate

Structure and genome release of Twort-like Myoviridae phage with a double-layered baseplate

Selection and Characterization of Phage-Resistant Mutant Strains of Listeria monocytogenes Reveal Host Genes Linked to Phage Adsorption

Listeria monocytogenes risk associated with chicken at slaughter and biocontrol with three new bacteriophages

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