Characteristics of the source material resistant to Fusarium head blight and root rot for the selection of winter wheat

Abstract

Diseases of winter wheat considerably reduce the yield and quality of grain. Losses of the gross grain harvest from them annually amount to 20-30%, and in epiphytotic years – 50%. An effective measure to limit the development of winter wheat diseases is the introduction of varieties that are resistant to their damage. Successful development of breeding work in this area is impossible without the use of a gene pool of stable forms. Among the genetic resources of wheat, there are genotypes described by resistance against several pathogens at the same time, and therefore have special value as sources of group resistance. There is a constant need to identify new sources and donors of resistance against pathogens, the search for which is an urgent area of research and requires constant screening of the gene pool. In the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat, work is constantly being carried out to create the initial breeding material of winter wheat, resistant to the main pathogens, which will be used by breeders in the future. According to the selection program for resistance against fusarium head blight and root rot, the following lines were created: Lutescens F. g. 163/19, Erythrospermum F. g. 164/19, Erythrospermum F. g. 166/19, Erythrospermum S. h. 177/19, Erythrospermum S. h. 175/19, which are used by breeders of the institute and have been transferred to the National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine. The line Erythrospermum F. g. 164/19 was selected according to the “duration of the growing season” indicator, with a growing season of 238 days, which is 3 days less than the Podolyanka standard variety. It belongs to the group of early-maturing forms. High TGW indicators were noted in the lines Erythrospermum F. g. 164/19 – 50.6 g, Erythrospermum F. g. 166/19 – 49.3 g, Erythrospermum F. g. 163/19 – 46.5 g, and Erythrospermum C. h. 177/19 – 47.3 g. In terms of productivity, the following lines exceeded the standard: Lutescens F. g. 163/19 – by 38.8 g/m2, Erythrospermum C. h. 177/19 – by 39.6 g/m2, Erythrospermum C. h. 175/19 – by 26.7 g/m2. Lines Erythrospermum F. g. 166/19 and Erythrospermum C. h. 177/19 were distinguished by their high-protein content – 16.5% and 15.8%, respectively. The highest level of gluten content in grain was recorded in the line Erythrospermum F. g. 166/19 – 41.2%. The best lines in terms of sedimentation are: Lutescens F. g. 163/19 – 70 ml, Erythrospermum F. g. 164/19 – 67 ml, Erythrospermum F. g. 166/19 – 71 ml. It was established that the Lutescens line F. g. 163/19 showed elevated resistance against the causative agent of powdery mildew (damage – 1.0%) and septoria leaf blotch (damage – 3.0%). Fusarium head blight damage did not exceed 5.0%. Erythrospermum F. g. 166/19 was resistant to two pathogens (fusarium head blight, powdery mildew), while Erythrospermum F. g. 164/19 was resistant to fusarium head blight and septoria leaf blotch. The lines created under the program of resistance against root rot Erythrospermum C. h. 177/19 and Erythrospermum C. h. 175/19 showed relative resistance to this pathogen – 10.0% and 10.5% damage, respectively, and had high resistance to powdery mildew – 2.0% damage