Characteristics of the simulated pollutants and atmospheric conditions over Egypt

Abstract

In this paper the integrated chemistry-climate model (RegCM4-CHEM) was used to study the characteristics of the simulated pollutants and atmospheric conditions over Egypt with a focus on the Nile Delta (ND) region. The densely populated ND region is known for its severe air quality issues driven by high levels of anthropogenic pollution in conjunction with natural sources such as dust, and agricultural burning events. The data used in our study is from Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate reanalysis data (2003-2010) and from the RegCM4-CHEM model simulation (2001-2010) over Egypt. It is found that surface ozone (O 3) has higher values during the period from May to September that indicates their sensitivity to temperature and sinking air above the subtropical high pressure during these hot months. Higher values of carbon monoxide (CO) occur in winter associated with the largest amounts of fuel burning in winter. The higher values of formaldehyde (HCHO) occur in summer associated with high temperatures and an abundance of OH (hydroxyl radical). The higher values of NOy appear in summer months, September and October in the layer between 1000 and 300 hPa, it is in the upper layer is generally greater than in the middle because it contains nitrogen oxide (NOx), which regarded as a catalyst in O 3 loss and production.

Long term trend analysis and Spatio-temporal variation of air pollutants over Uttar Pradesh, India

“…However, as nations undergo economic development, the issue of air pollution has emerged as a significant global health threat. It has raised various environmental concerns, poses severe risks to human health, and contributes A substantially elevated mortality rate that equally affects developed and impoverished countries [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Air pollution comprises pollutants such as particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3).…”

Climatological Study of Ozone over Saudi Arabia

“…High concentrations of ozone (O ) at the surface of the Earth are among the most significant pollutants that cause great environmental problems and affect air quality, human and animal health, and agricultural crop production [1][2][3]. In the troposphere, O represents one of the most significant greenhouse gases after carbon dioxide and methane [4,5].…”

“…It performs a crucial role in the radiative balance process in the atmosphere [6], although it represents only 0.0012% of the total atmospheric composition [7]. It is also one of the most important primary reactive gases that determine the chemical processes in the atmosphere considering the existence of hydroxyl (OH) radicals [3,8]. In the stratosphere, O absorbs most of the energetic and dangerous ultraviolet radiation (UV) emitted by the sun [9][10][11].…”

“…Although most O is produced and generated within the tropical stratosphere as a result of the abundance of UV radiation from the sun [12], the highest levels of O are found at high and middle latitudes because O is transported meridionally following the Brewer-Dobson circulation from the tropical region towards the polar regions [16]. Multiple factors including dynamical, physical, and chemical processes and meteorological variables have a potential influence on the vertical and spatio-temporal changes and variability of O as well as its amplitude [3,[17][18][19]. The region of North Africa and the Middle East that is associated with the upper-level Asian monsoon anticyclone system is a nexus region for pollution transport, particularly from Asia and Europe [20][21][22].…”

Verification of the chemical subsystem of the regional climate model RegCM-CHEM4

“…These problems can be dealt by means of global and regional climate models as well as chemical transport models along with satellite observations. For example, in [14,15,16,17,18], the success of the application of the Regional Climate Model (RegCM4) for the study of the GHG emissions over Europe, Southeast Asia, India, and northern Africa (Egypt) was shown.…”