“…Titanium (Ti)‐based thin films, such as Ti, titanium nitride (TiN x ), and titanium carbide (TiC x ), have attracted considerable attention for applications to the fabrication of semiconductor devices, such as contact materials, glue layers, diffusion barriers, gate electrodes, etc., owing to their high electrical conductivity, chemical, mechanical, and thermal stability. With the increasing demand for shrinking dimensions of semiconductor devices, Ti‐based films need to be deposited uniformly and fill high aspect ratio (AR) structures with conformal thickness.…”