Characteristics of summertime PM2.5 organic and elemental carbon in four major Chinese cities: Implications of high acidity for water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC)

Pathak, Ravi Kant; Wang, Tao; Ho, Kin Fai; Lee, Shuncheng

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.021

Cited by 142 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In addition, many field measurements of Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) suggested that the majority of oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) was associated with SOA, and most of OOA was found to be water-soluble (Timonen et al, 2013;Xiao et al, 2011). These findings suggested that SOA, OOA, and WSOC were very similar in their chemical characteristics in the urban atmosphere (Pathak et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Therefore, the high WSOC/OC ratios in summer were likely due to active SOA formation associated with higher O 3 , solar radiation, and VOC emissions (Sun et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2015b). In addition, the high acidity in particulate in the summer of Beijing, which can enhance the production of secondary organic aerosols through heterogeneous acid-catalyzed chemistry (Pathak et al, 2011;Rengarajan et al, 2011), may be another reason. Interestingly, the spring also had high WSOC/OC ratios.…”

Section: Temporal Variations Of Wsoc and Wsoc/oc Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and its temperature-resolved carbon fractions in atmospheric aerosols in Beijing

Tang

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2016

Atmospheric Research

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Temporal Variations Of Wsoc and Wsoc/oc Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and its temperature-resolved carbon fractions in atmospheric aerosols in Beijing

Tang

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2016

Atmospheric Research

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“…Overall, the level of WSOC ranged from 0.03 to 14.56 mg m À3 with an average value of 3.09 ± 2.45 mg m À3 , representing 56.39% of OC. The concentration was much lower than that in some urban area in China, such as Beijing (6.7 ± 4.4 mg m-3) (Du et al, 2014), Shanghai (5.8 ± 4.2) (Pathak et al, 2011), while was comparable to some typical cities abroad (Kumagai et al, 2009;Park et al, 2011). The proportion of WSOC in OC was higher than that of WIOC (43.61%), indicating WSOC was the major component of the OC in YRD.…”

Section: Calculation Of Sea-salt Sourcementioning

confidence: 85%

“…In addition, WSOC/OC ratio can also be used to assess the photochemical aging of organics, especially for the longrange transported aerosols (Kumagai et al, 2009). Compared with some urban regions in China, such as Shanghai (0.35), Guangzhou (0.32), Lanzhou (0.40) (Pathak et al, 2011), the WSOC/OC ratio was relative higher, suggesting organic aerosol in YRD was aged and mainly transported from other source regions. This was consistent with the regional background nature of our sampling site.…”

Section: Calculation Of Sea-salt Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

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Source and formation characteristics of water-soluble organic carbon in the anthropogenic-influenced Yellow River Delta, North China

Zong

Wang

Tian

et al. 2016

Atmospheric Environment

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h i g h l i g h t sHigh intensity measurement of WSOC in PM 2.5 was conducted at Yellow River Delta. WSOC concentration in day time was obviously higher than night time. WSOC was mostly secondary formation product and was enhanced at high level of acidity. Biogenic and biomass burning (B&B) was the major source of WSOC. Fossil fuel contribution, mainly vehicle emission, could not be ignored. High intensity measurement of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in PM 2.5 was conducted at Yellow River Delta (YRD), North China, from 29 May to 1 July 2013. On average, concentration of WSOC was 3.09 ± 2.45 mg m À3 with a relative high WSOC/OC mass ratio (56.39%), implying organic aerosol in YRD was aged. WSOC concentration in day time was obviously higher than night time, which was mainly attributed to the decrease of source emission. While secondary formation of WSOC was strengthen in night time under stable atmospheric condition. The significant relationship between WSOC and SOC indicated WSOC was mostly secondary formation product. Furthermore, WSOC formation was enhanced at high level of acidity, providing direct evidence for the great impact of aerosol acidity on WSOC formation. WSOC correlated well with nss-K þ , nss-SO 4 2À , NO 3 À , Zn and Cu, suggesting a major part of observed WSOC and/or its precursors was of biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion origin. Moreover, vehicle emission may make great proportion in the fossil fuel combustion. Conditional probability function (CPF) analysis showed significant contribution of WSOC occurred when wind came from southerly (135e195 ) and northwesterly (285, 345 ) directions. In order to further confirm the source of WSOC, two merged samples representing the two directions were selected for radiocarbon ( 14 C) measurement. 14 C results demonstrated the average value of G c (WSOC) was 0.57 ± 0.01, implying biogenic and biomass burning (B&B) was the major source of WSOC. However, fossil fuel contribution could not be ignored in North China in summer.

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Fine particle pH and the partitioning of nitric acid during winter in the northeastern United States

Guo

Sullivan

Campuzano‐Jost

et al. 2016

J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.

245

378

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Particle pH is a critical but poorly constrained quantity that affects many aerosol processes and properties, including aerosol composition, concentrations, and toxicity. We assess PM1 pH as a function of geographical location and altitude, focusing on the northeastern U.S., based on aircraft measurements from the Wintertime Investigation of Transport, Emissions, and Reactivity campaign (1 February to 15 March 2015). Particle pH and water were predicted with the ISORROPIA‐II thermodynamic model and validated by comparing predicted to observed partitioning of inorganic nitrate between the gas and particle phases. Good agreement was found for relative humidity (RH) above 40%; at lower RH observed particle nitrate was higher than predicted, possibly due to organic‐inorganic phase separations or nitrate measurement uncertainties associated with low concentrations (nitrate < 1 µg m−3). Including refractory ions in the pH calculations did not improve model predictions, suggesting they were externally mixed with PM1 sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium. Sample line volatilization artifacts were found to be minimal. Overall, particle pH for altitudes up to 5000 m ranged between −0.51 and 1.9 (10th and 90th percentiles) with a study mean of 0.77 ± 0.96, similar to those reported for the southeastern U.S. and eastern Mediterranean. This expansive aircraft data set is used to investigate causes in variability in pH and pH‐dependent aerosol components, such as PM1 nitrate, over a wide range of temperatures (−21 to 19°C), RH (20 to 95%), inorganic gas, and particle concentrations and also provides further evidence that particles with low pH are ubiquitous.

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Characteristics of summertime PM2.5 organic and elemental carbon in four major Chinese cities: Implications of high acidity for water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC)

Cited by 142 publications

References 43 publications

Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and its temperature-resolved carbon fractions in atmospheric aerosols in Beijing

Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and its temperature-resolved carbon fractions in atmospheric aerosols in Beijing

Source and formation characteristics of water-soluble organic carbon in the anthropogenic-influenced Yellow River Delta, North China

Fine particle pH and the partitioning of nitric acid during winter in the northeastern United States

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