Characteristics of Strain-Induced Crystallization in Natural Rubber During Fatigue Testing: In Situ Wide-Angle X-Ray Diffraction Measurements Using Synchrotron Radiation

Abstract

cuta, et al.. Characteristics of strain-induced crystallization in natural rubber during fatigue testing: in situ wide-angle x-ray diffraction measurements using synchrotron radiation. Rubber Chemistry and Technology, American Chemical Society, 2014, 87 (1), pp.184-196. 10 ABSTRACTStrain-induced crystallization of carbon black-filled natural rubber is investigated by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) during in situ fatigue tests using synchrotron radiation. Thanks to an original experimental method, we measure the evolution with the number of cycles of: (i ) the index of crystallinity, both (ii ) size and (iii ) orientation of the crystallites, and finally (iv) the lattice parameters. It is shown that when the minimum stretch ratio of the fatigue test is lower than the onset of melting of the crystallites, then the index of crystallinity and the size of the crystallites decrease, whereas they increase when the minimum stretch ratio is higher than the onset of melting. For all the fatigue tests, the misorientation of the crystallites slightly decreases and the lattice parameters remain constant with the number of cycles.

Thermodynamics of strain-induced crystallization in filled natural rubber under uni- and biaxial loadings, Part I: Complete energetic characterization and crystallinity evaluation

“…Under equibiaxial tension with λ = 4, a crystallinity index was evaluated to 1.09 %. The methodology used to determine the crystallinity index is presented in Beurrot-Borgarino et al (2014). Furthermore, even though the misorientation between uniaxial and planar tension was constant and small, it strongly increased with the biaxiality, in such a way that the crystallites did not demonstrate any preferred direction under equibiaxial loading.…”

Microstructure and Performance of Green Tire Tread Based on Epoxidized Solution Polymerized Styrene Butadiene Rubber and Epoxidized Natural Rubber

“…Two or more kinds of rubbers are usually blended in tire tread for optimal tire performance . Natural rubber (NR) exhibits excellent tear strength as well as dynamic fatigue crack propagation resistance due to its strain-induced crystallization property . Therefore, blending SSBR with NR as the matrix to prepare a green tire can satisfy both physical and dynamic mechanical properties.…”

“…12 exhibits excellent tear strength as well as dynamic fatigue crack propagation resistance due to its strain-induced crystallization property. 13 Therefore, blending SSBR with NR as the matrix to prepare a green tire can satisfy both physical and dynamic mechanical properties. Han et al 14 discussed the effect of the NR/SSBR ratio on the compatibility, silica phase selective distribution, and the properties of the composites.…”

Enhanced Interfacial Compatibility and Dynamic Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior of Natural Rubber/Silicone Rubber Composites

“…The strain-induced crystallization (SIC) of natural rubber (NR) brings its outstanding mechanical strength and fatigue crack propagation resistance, which leads to its wide application in dynamic products, such as tires, seals, dampers, and conveyor belts . Unfortunately, the unsaturated structure of alkene (−CC−) results in its poor antiaging properties, so polymers with a saturated backbone like ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM) are often compounded with NR to improve its aging resistance. , …”