Characteristics of Sonography in a Rat Achilles Tendinopathy Model: Possible Non-invasive Predictors of Biomechanics

Lee, Su-Ya; Chieh, Hsiao-Feng; Lin, Chiao‐Wen; Jou, I‐Ming; Sun, Yung-Nien; Kuo, Li-Chieh; Wu, Po‐Ting; Su, Fong-Chin

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05466-y

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…We found an increase in the number of tenocytes, misalignment of collagen fibers, loss of extracellular matrix organization, and increased vascularization in experimentally injured Achilles tendons of rats. The presence of these changes agrees with previous experimental studies in animal models [ 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Changes in Gene Expression Associated with Collagen Regeneration and Remodeling of Extracellular Matrix after Percutaneous Electrolysis on Collagenase-Induced Achilles Tendinopathy in an Experimental Animal Model: A Pilot Study

Sánchez-Sánchez

Calderón-Díez

Herrero-Turrión

et al. 2020

JCM

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Percutaneous electrolysis is an emerging intervention proposed for the management of tendinopathies. Tendon pathology is characterized by a significant cell response to injury and gene expression. No study investigating changes in expression of those genes associated with collagen regeneration and remodeling of extracellular matrix has been conducted. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate gene expression changes after the application of percutaneous electrolysis on experimentally induced Achilles tendinopathy with collagenase injection in an animal model. Fifteen Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into three different groups (no treatment vs. percutaneous electrolysis vs. needling). Achilles tendinopathy was experimentally induced with a single bolus of collagenase injection. Interventions consisted of 3 sessions (one per week) of percutaneous electrolysis or just needling. The rats were euthanized, and molecular expression of genes involved in tendon repair and remodeling, e.g., Cox2, Mmp2, Mmp9, Col1a1, Col3a1, Vegf and Scx, was examined at 28 days after injury. Histological tissue changes were determined with hematoxylin–eosin and safranin O analyses. The images of hematoxylin–eosin and Safranin O tissue images revealed that collagenase injection induced histological changes compatible with a tendinopathy. No further histological changes were observed after the application of percutaneous electrolysis or needling. A significant increase in molecular expression of Cox2, Mmp9 and Vegf genes was observed in Achilles tendons treated with percutaneous electrolysis to a greater extent than after just needling. The expression of Mmp2, Col1a1, Col3a1, or Scx genes also increased, but did not reach statistical significance. This animal study demonstrated that percutaneous electrolysis applied on an experimentally induced Achilles tendinopathy model could increase the expression of some genes associated with collagen regeneration and remodeling of extracellular matrix. The observed gene overexpression was higher with percutaneous electrolysis than with just needling.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Changes in Gene Expression Associated with Collagen Regeneration and Remodeling of Extracellular Matrix after Percutaneous Electrolysis on Collagenase-Induced Achilles Tendinopathy in an Experimental Animal Model: A Pilot Study

Sánchez-Sánchez

Calderón-Díez

Herrero-Turrión

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…Consistent with this, we did not observe any differences in echogenicity between 14 and 28 days post‐surgery. In contrast, Lee et al assessed the relationship between US echogenicity and tensile mechanical properties in a collagenase‐induced tendinopathy model and demonstrated that echo intensity was positively correlated with maximum strain and stiffness, suggesting that echogenicity changes may be more pronounced during tendinopathy development, relative to acute tendon healing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐Invasive Ultrasound Quantification of Scar Tissue Volume Identifies Early Functional Changes During Tendon Healing

Ackerman

Studentsova

Myers

et al. 2019

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Tendon injuries are very common and disrupt the transmission of forces from muscle to bone, leading to impaired function and quality of life. Successful restoration of tendon function after injury is a challenging clinical problem due to the pathological, scar‐mediated manner in which the tendons heal. Currently, there are no standard treatments to modulate scar tissue formation and improve tendon healing. A major limitation to the identification of therapeutic candidates has been the reliance on terminal endpoint metrics of healing in pre‐clinical studies, which require a large number of animals and result in destruction of the tissue. To address this limitation, we have identified quantification of scar tissue volume (STV) from ultrasound (US) imaging as a longitudinal, non‐invasive metric of tendon healing. STV was strongly correlated with established endpoint metrics of gliding function including gliding resistance and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) flexion angle. However, no associations were observed between STV and structural or material properties. To define the sensitivity of STV to identify differences between functionally discrete tendon healing phenotypes, we utilized S100a4 haploinsufficient mice (S100a4GFP/+), which heal with improved gliding function relative to wild‐type (WT) littermates. A significant decrease in STV was observed in S100a4GFP/+ repairs, relative to WT at day 14. Taken together, these data suggest US quantification of STV as a means to facilitate the rapid screening of biological and pharmacological interventions to improve tendon healing, and identify promising therapeutic targets, in an efficient, cost‐effective manner. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2476–2485, 2019

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“…Tamura et al ., used US echogenicity to assess healing in equine Superficial Digital Flexor Tendons, although no change in echogenicity was observed despite longitudinal improvements in strain. More recently, Lee et al ., assessed the relationship between US echogenicity, and tensile mechanical properties in a collagenase-induced tendinopathy model and demonstrated that echo intensity was positively correlated with maximum strain and stiffness 21 . Interestingly, tendon cross-sectional area and echogenicity were increased in healing tendons, relative to controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-invasive ultrasound quantification of Scar Tissue Volume predicts functional changes during tendon healing

Studentsova

2018

Preprint

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Tendon injuries are very common and disrupt the transmission of forces from muscle to bone, leading to impaired function and quality of life. Successful restoration of tendon function after injury is a challenging clinical problem due to the pathological, scar-mediated manner in which tendons heal. Currently, there are no standard treatments to modulate scar tissue formation and improve tendon healing. A major limitation to the identification of therapeutic candidates has been the reliance on terminal end-point metrics of healing in pre-clinical studies, which require a large number of animals and result in destruction of the tissue. To address this limitation, we have identified quantification of Scar Tissue Volume (STV) from ultrasound imaging as a longitudinal, non-invasive metric of tendon healing. STV was strongly correlated with established endpoint metrics of gliding function including Gliding Resistance (GR) and Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) Flexion Angle. However, no associations were observed between STV and tensile mechanical properties. To define the sensitivity of STV to identify differences between functionally discrete tendon healing phenotypes, we utilized S100a4 haploinsufficient mice (S100a4GFP/+), which heal with improved gliding function relative to wildtype (WT) littermates. A significant decrease in STV was observed in S100a4GFP/+repairs, relative to WT at day 14. Taken together, these data suggest US quantification of STV as a means to facilitate the rapid screening of biological and pharmacological interventions to improve tendon healing, and identify promising therapeutic targets, in an efficient, cost-effective manner.

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Characteristics of Sonography in a Rat Achilles Tendinopathy Model: Possible Non-invasive Predictors of Biomechanics

Cited by 21 publications

References 37 publications

Changes in Gene Expression Associated with Collagen Regeneration and Remodeling of Extracellular Matrix after Percutaneous Electrolysis on Collagenase-Induced Achilles Tendinopathy in an Experimental Animal Model: A Pilot Study

Changes in Gene Expression Associated with Collagen Regeneration and Remodeling of Extracellular Matrix after Percutaneous Electrolysis on Collagenase-Induced Achilles Tendinopathy in an Experimental Animal Model: A Pilot Study

Non‐Invasive Ultrasound Quantification of Scar Tissue Volume Identifies Early Functional Changes During Tendon Healing

Non-invasive ultrasound quantification of Scar Tissue Volume predicts functional changes during tendon healing

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