Characteristics of soil salt crust formed by mixing calcium chloride with sodium sulfate and the possibility of inhibiting wind-sand flow

Li, Shenghui; Li, Chengzhi; Fu, Xiaolei

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-89151-1

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Under these experimental conditions, Na 2 SO 4 formed the subflorescence, with most of the salt crystals distributed inside the soil and fewer salt crystals distributed on the surface of the soil, which was the same as the results of the previous studies (Espinosa et al, 2007;Shahidzdeh-bonn et al, 2010;Gentilini et al, 2012;Li et al, 2021). NaCl, CaCl 2 , KCl, Na 2 CO 3 , and NaHCO 3 formed the efflorescences.…”

Section: Salt Crust Surface Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…During the evaporation of soil water, the brine in the fine pores evaporates and the salt crystallizes as the salt solution reaches saturation solubility (Rad et al, 2013;Li et al, 2021). In this experiment, the crystals of Na 2 SO 4 formed the subflorescence, and When the Na 2 SO 4 content was ≤3%, with the increase in salt content, the number of salt crystals crystallized in the pores gradually increased, the cementation between salt crystals and soil particles became strong, and the compressive strength of the salt crust increased.…”

Section: Compressive Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the characteristics of six salt crusts

2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Salt crust is a soil layer formed by the cementation of soluble salt on the surface or inside of soil with soil particles. The salt crust can alter the soil’s ability to resist wind erosion. To explore the characteristics of different types of salt crust, six kinds of salt (CaCl2, KCl, Na2SO4, NaCl, Na2CO3, and NaHCO3) were selected and six salt contents (0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4%) were set up to conduct the experiment of a sandy soil crust. The experiment compares the characteristics of crust appearance, compressive strength, and toughness of six selected kinds of salt crust. The results showed that Na2SO4 formed the subflorescence, while CaCl2, KCl, NaCl, Na2CO3, and NaHCO3 formed the efflorescences. The compressive strength and toughness of Na2SO4 salt crust initially increased and then decreased as the salt content increased, and both the strength and toughness reached the maximum when the salt content was 3%. At first, the compressive strength of NaCl crusts increased and then stabilized as a result of the increase in salt content. The toughness of the NaCl salt crust experienced an initial increase and then a decrease, reaching the maximum when the salt content was 3%. The compressive strength and toughness of the salt crusts of CaCl2 and KCl increased as the salt content increased. There was a slight increase in the compressive strength of the crusts formed by Na2CO3 and NaHCO3, with hardly any noticeable change even as the salt content increased, and the maximum compressive strength was only 0.03 and 0.40 MPa, respectively. The crusts of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 were susceptible to wind erosion, while the crusts of KCl, CaCl2, NaCl, and Na2SO4, having high compressive strength and crust toughness, were capable of resisting wind erosion.

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Section: Salt Crust Surface Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Compressive Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the characteristics of six salt crusts

2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…However, bare land (LS6) will accumulate a large amount of salt close to the surface because of the strong evaporation in this region (Figure 8). When evaporation is strong and the groundwater level drops, the salt will condense and bond with clay and silt, forming a hard salt-silt-clay combination with bacteria, namely a biological soil crust, and the critical threshold wind speed becomes higher, which improves the resistance to wind erosion [61][62][63]. This can be confirmed by the fact that the salt content of the sediment has a significant positive correlation with the mean particle size (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussion On the Grain Size Characteristics Of Sediments Found In Typical Landscapes And Its Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Grain Size Characteristics of Sediments Found in Typical Landscapes in the Playa of Ebinur Lake, Arid Central Asia

Abuduwaili

2021

Land

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A playa usually refers to a salt desert landscape mainly composed of loose and fine lacustrine sediments. Severe wind erosion on a playa causes the playa to become a source of dust and salt dust and poses a threat to vast areas downwind. Currently, little is known about the impact of wind erosion on the particle size distribution of sediments in different landscapes in the playa. In the present study, six dominant different landscapes in a natural state with the same sedimentary environment in the playa of Ebinur Lake were selected to provide insights into the different characteristics of particle size distribution under the effect of long-term wind erosion. The results reveal that the grain-size composition clearly differed among different landscapes. All samples had a common dominant size group consisting of very fine sand and sand. The very fine sand and sand content of Haloxylon ammodendron desert zone (LS5) was the lowest, while the clay and silt content was the highest at both depths among the six landscapes. The lowest clay and silt fraction and highest sand fraction appeared in the herbal desert zone (LS3) at both depths. Almost all of the sediment samples were of a bimodal distribution mode, with significant differences. The cumulative curve showed a similar S-shape, while the probability cumulative curve showed an inverted S-shape with three subpopulations of granularity characteristics. The smallest mean particle diameter appeared in LS5. The majority of the sediments were moderately to poorly sorted. The mean particle size of the sediments from the six landscapes was significantly different (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed among the other three parameters. Generally, it can be inferred that LS5 can reduce wind speed effectively, probably due to the smaller leaves and dense branches of Haloxylon ammodendron, which results in a high level of coverage. The results of the present study will have some implications for the grain size characteristics for changes in intensity in regional wind erosion environment and will also have some basis for wind erosion prevention and control in the playa of Ebinur Lake.

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“…3d-f). The salt analysis is more serious in MgSO 4 solution 20 (Fig. 3a-c) but in CaCl 2 solution, the cracks are produced more seriously 25 (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The graph shows that the salt first starts to precipitate from the top of the soil column [15][16][17][18] . During the experiment, as the temperature rises the water is gradually evaporated, so that the content of salt in the solution inside the soil column is higher than the solubility, thus causing the salt to crystallize and precipitate 19,20 . From Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on deterioration mechanism of soil in Zhouqiao site under salinization

Yue

Gao

Zhao

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Alkalinity production is one of the most typical and widespread salinization hazards on the Loess Plateau. Based on the characterization of typical flooding sites and the results of salt monitoring, this study investigates the deterioration mechanism of salinization on Zhouqiao site. The orthogonal test was used to simulate the effects of different concentrations of MgSO4, NaCl and CaCl2 under natural conditions on the quality change, salt analysis out location, surface phenomenon, strength and electrical conductivity of the soil at the Zhouqiao site, and to make a preliminary analysis on the mechanism of saline deterioration of the site soil. The results show that the soil column mass increased significantly under the action of salt, and the rate of salt absorption in the soil column decreased when the critical value was reached, and the critical values were different under the action of different kinds of salts. The rate of salt analysis is also influenced by the salt concentration and the number of cycles, which gradually increases with the increase of salt concentration and the number of cycles. The nominal strength of the soil column with the number of cycles, but occasionally increases. The conductivity increases with the number of cycles, and the magnitude distribution of the conductivity of the soil column under the action of different salts is not exactly the same.

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Characteristics of soil salt crust formed by mixing calcium chloride with sodium sulfate and the possibility of inhibiting wind-sand flow

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Comparison of the characteristics of six salt crusts

Comparison of the characteristics of six salt crusts

Grain Size Characteristics of Sediments Found in Typical Landscapes in the Playa of Ebinur Lake, Arid Central Asia

Study on deterioration mechanism of soil in Zhouqiao site under salinization

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