Characteristics of Soil Fertility of Buried Ancient Paddy at Chuodun Site in Yangtze River Delta, China

Jia, Lianshun; Hu, Zhengyi; Cao, Zhihong; Yang, Linzhang; Lin, Xiangui; Dong, Yuanhua; Ding, Jinlong; Zheng, Yan

doi:10.1016/s1671-2927(06)60074-6

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The ancient paddy soils had a lower organic carbon content in the plow layer and a higher organic carbon content in the plow pan, waterloggogenic horizon, and parent material layers than the modern paddy soils. Similar results were reported for the ancient paddy soils formed 3320 years ago at the Kunshan Chuodu Mountain site (Lu et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The incineration of straw not only cleaned the field but was also convenient for planting in the following season; at the same time, most weeds were burned. The characteristics of “unified under the whole world” regarding rice in the palynological spectrum of the surface soil in the prehistoric paddy field are evidence of “water flooding” by ancestors, which eliminated most dry weeds (Lu et al 2006; Cao et al 2006). The residual organic matter that was originally in the burned paddy straw and in the situ paddy straw and leaves after harvesting could be converted into organic carbon with alkene groups or aromatic C to keep organic carbon in the soil for long periods of time (Greenland 1998; You 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural characteristics of humic substances in buried ancient paddy soils as revealed by 13C NMR spectroscopy

Liu

Zhou

Cui

et al. 2019

Environ Geochem Health

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The study of organic matter in ancient paddy soils is helpful for understanding the influence of human activities on soil carbon sequestration and global climate change. However, little information on the spatial distribution and structural characteristics of the humic substances (HS) in ancient paddy soils is available. The spatial distributions of humic acids (HAs) and fulvic acids (FAs) in ancient paddy soils and modern cultivated paddy soils at the Shanlonggang site on the Liyang Plain were investigated, and the associated structures were characterized by using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The 13C NMR spectra revealed the following carbon types in HAs and FAs in both types of paddy soil in order of decreasing abundance: O-alkyl carbon (ranging from 39.7 to 51.8% and from 42.6 to 50.9%, respectively) ≥ alkyl carbon (ranging from 16.8 to 23.5% and from 15.7 to 22.4%, respectively) ≈ carboxyl carbon (ranging from 13.3 to 19.3% and from 16.9 to 22.0%, respectively) > aromatic carbon (ranging from 12.8 to 23.5% and from 10.0 to 17.2%, respectively). Moreover, the degree of aromaticity of HA was higher than that of FA in both soil samples. The humic constituents of the buried ancient paddy soils were less aromatic and oxidized than those of the modern cultivated paddy soils. The organic carbon in the ancient paddy soils was also less aromatic and oxidized than that in the modern cultivated paddy soils, suggesting that the structures of the HS in the ancient paddy soils were relatively simple. The results of this study provide new insights into the effect of secondary paddy soil formation on the spatial distribution, structural characteristics, and stability mechanisms of the HS in ancient paddy soils.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural characteristics of humic substances in buried ancient paddy soils as revealed by 13C NMR spectroscopy

Liu

Zhou

Cui

et al. 2019

Environ Geochem Health

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“…The variation in shape of ACP belonging to primitively cultivated paddies [4] is larger than that of wild paddies; the plant opal analysis indicated Figure 1 Distribution of paddy fields at Chuodun Site [8] . 1, Paddy fields; 2, ridges of fields, ditch for irrigation / drainage, well; 3, Neolithic skeleton.…”

Section: Sampling Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main achievements include new pedological and palynological evidence showing the existence of APS at Chuodun Site as well as recognition of Xiashu loess as their parent material [5][6][7] . In addition, the study on fertility characters of APS demonstrated that the planting of ancient paddies facilitated the increase of bioelements such as C, N, P and S; however, the microbiological analysis concluded that modern paddy soils (MPS) and APS possessed different dominant methanogenic ancient bacteria species [8,9] . In environmental aspect, main researches were done on the distribution properties and origin of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the profiles of APS, and it was found that the content of PAHs were higher than that in arid land and bottom soils [10,11] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic structure and possible origin of ancient charred paddies at Chuodun Site in southern China

Liu

et al. 2009

Sci. China Ser. D-Earth Sci.

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A number of ancient charred paddies with a 14 C dating of about 5900 a BP were recovered in the sixth excavation at Chuodun Site and are assigned to the Majiabang culture (7-6 ka BP). To understand their formation mechanism, the ancient charred paddies were compared to modern paddies using FT-IR spectrum and thermaogravimetric analysis. At the same time, modern charred paddies were made in helium by the laboratory method, and the structural characteristics of them and the ancient ones were revealed using CP/MAS-13 C-NMR. Our results show there are more aromatic moieties in ancient charred paddies compared to modern paddies. The aliphatic components of modern charred paddies decrease continuously, accompanied by the accumulation of aromatic components, when the duration and temperature of oxidation increase, and the structure buildings of modern charred paddies are more similar to ancient ones. Given the planting manner of paddies during Majiabang culture period, these ancient charred paddies might be a result of the original farming mode involving fire. ancient charred paddies, FT-IR, TGA, CP/MAS-13 C-NMR, formation mechanismArchaeologists have discovered many ancient agriculture sites in the Yangtze River Delta during the past few decades [1,2] . Based on the ridges and ditches of ancient paddy fields and the pollen, phytolith and fossil paddy found at these ancient agriculture sites, as well as relevant ancient farming implements, scholars have characterized the paleosols of these ancient agriculture sites as ancient paddy soils (APS). From 1998 to 2003, five excavations were conducted at Chuodun Site and abundant cultural artifacts unearthed such as ceramic ware and pottery basins, as well as some ancient charred paddies (ACP) [3,4] . The Chuodun Site's bearings on studies of other facets such as the pedology and environment were ignored because the early research only limited its field to archaeology. In order to explore the extensive values of Chuodun Site, the sixth excavation for multi-disciplinary studies was carried out by scientists from various fields of study at the end of 2003. The main achievements include new pedological and palynological evidence showing the existence of APS at Chuodun Site as well as recognition of Xiashu loess as their parent material [5][6][7] . In addition, the study on fertility characters of APS demonstrated that the planting of ancient paddies facilitated the increase of bioelements such as C, N, P and S; however, the microbiological analysis concluded that modern paddy soils (MPS) and APS possessed different dominant methanogenic ancient bacteria species [8,9] . In environmental aspect, main researches were done on the distribution properties and origin of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the profiles of APS, and it was found that the content of PAHs were higher than that in arid land and bottom soils [10,11] .During the sixth excavation, 22 more paddy fields were found. The ACP collected all had that charred characteristic as well as an age of about 5900 a ...

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“…Currently, the methods for studying ancient and present-day rice paddies mainly focus on the physical and chemical properties of paddy soil 7 , 8 , such as micromorphological features 9 , organic matter 10 – 12 (including organic carbon 13 – 18 and nitrogen 19 , 20 , fatty acids and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 21 – 26 ), forms of iron 27 , 28 , mineral characteristics 29 , bacterial communities 30 – 34 , soil fertility 35 , pollen features 36 , and phytolith accumulation 37 . Although these methods are effective for analysing the characteristics of paddy fields, they can only be applied to known paddy fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytolith assemblage analysis for the identification of rice paddy

Huan

Lü

Zhang

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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The rice arable system is of importance to both society and the environment. The emergence of rice paddies was a crucial step in the transition from pre-domestic cultivation to systematic land use and management. However, many aspects of the formation of rice farming systems remain unclear. An important reason is the lack of reliable methods for identifying early rice paddies. One possible means of remedying this knowledge deficit is through analysis of phytolith assemblages, which are closely related to their parent plant communities. In this study, phytolith assemblages from 27 surface soil samples from wild rice fields, 91 surface soil samples from modern rice paddies, and 50 soil samples from non-rice fields were analysed to establish a discriminant function. This discriminant function enabled classification of 89.3% of the samples into appropriate groups. Further, the results suggested that phytolith assemblages can be used to identify rice fields and differentiate between wild rice fields and domesticated rice fields. The method was demonstrated to be an effective way of utilising the large amounts of unidentifiable phytoliths discovered at archaeological sites to provide a modern analogue that may be a valuable key to unlocking the past.

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Characteristics of Soil Fertility of Buried Ancient Paddy at Chuodun Site in Yangtze River Delta, China

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Structural characteristics of humic substances in buried ancient paddy soils as revealed by 13C NMR spectroscopy

Structural characteristics of humic substances in buried ancient paddy soils as revealed by 13C NMR spectroscopy

Organic structure and possible origin of ancient charred paddies at Chuodun Site in southern China

Phytolith assemblage analysis for the identification of rice paddy

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