Characteristics of retrograde amnesia following reactivation of memory in mice

Judge, Martin E.; Quartermain, David

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(82)90034-8

Cited by 132 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…As such, it is not clear whether the postretrieval deficit results from impaired reconsolidation or from some other process that does not affect the original memory. Some studies of avoidance learning have demonstrated that anisomycininduced deficits after retrieval reverse with time (15,16), which is consistent with the idea that the original memory is not affected by postretrieval anisomycin injections. However, some experiments that have examined the long-term retention of contextual fear conditioning after postretrieval manipulations, including anisomycin injections, have failed to find recovery (5,6).…”

supporting

confidence: 79%

“…Some of the first studies of postretrieval impairments demonstrated that manipulations such as electroconvulsive shock (8) or hypothermia (9) after stimulus reexposure resulted in deficits in performance during subsequent tests. Although there were different accounts of these effects, much of the early theorizing described the behavioral deficits as reflecting impairments in memory retrieval (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). This focus on retrieval mechanisms resulted in part from the demonstrations that postretrieval performance impairments could be reversed through reminder treatments (14) or through the simple passage of time (9,15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there were different accounts of these effects, much of the early theorizing described the behavioral deficits as reflecting impairments in memory retrieval (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). This focus on retrieval mechanisms resulted in part from the demonstrations that postretrieval performance impairments could be reversed through reminder treatments (14) or through the simple passage of time (9,15). These findings suggest that postretrieval manipulations alter performance without eliminating the original memory.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Behavioral impairments caused by injections of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin after contextual retrieval reverse with time

Lattal

Abel

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

207

185

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Recent accounts of memory suggest that retrieval of a learning experience transforms that memory into a labile state that requires a period of protein synthesis to be reconsolidated into a fixed state. In this article, we show that the impairments in behavior caused by the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin given after retrieval are temporary and are thus not likely to reflect disruptions in a protein synthesis-dependent reconsolidation process. Mice received injections of anisomycin after either initial acquisition or retrieval of contextual fear conditioning. When anisomycin injections followed acquisition, freezing was impaired during memory tests the next day and 21 days later. When anisomycin injections followed normal retrieval of contextual fear conditioning, freezing was impaired the next day but recovered to levels of control mice when testing occurred 21 days later. This recovery effect occurred after short or long durations of exposure during the retrieval period and was specific to the conditioning context. These results suggest that anisomycin injections after retrieval do not retroactively affect the memory from conditioning.

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supporting

confidence: 79%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral impairments caused by injections of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin after contextual retrieval reverse with time

Lattal

Abel

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

207

185

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“…In addition to those studies using protein-synthesis inhibitors (Judge and Quartermain 1982;Nader et al 2000;Anokhin et al 2002;Sangha et al 2003; for review, see Alberini 2005) other studies were performed in order to test the memory reconsolidation hypothesis using blockers of transcription factors and/or immediate early gene expression (Taubenfeld et al 2001;Kida et al 2002;Bozon et al 2003;Lee et al 2004;Merlo et al 2005), inhibitors of kinases (Kelly et al 2003;Koh and Bernstein 2003), or new potential learning situations (Gordon and Spear 1974;Walker et al 2003;Boccia et al 2005), and only a few studies found evidence of enhancement of memory with post-retrieval treatments (De Vietti et al 1977;Horne et al 1997, Rodriguez et al 1999. This is an important issue if we want to compare consolidation vs. reconsolidation memory processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-retrieval effects of icv infusions of hemicholinium in mice are dependent on the age of the original memory

Boccia¹,

Blake²,

Acosta³

et al. 2006

Learn. Mem.

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CF-1 male mice were trained in an inhibitory avoidance task using a high footshock (1,2 mA, 50 Hz, 1 sec) in order to reduce the influence of extinction on retention performance. At 2, 7, 14, or 30 d after training, the first retention test was performed and hemicholinium (HC-3, 1.0 µg/mice), a specific inhibitor of high-affinity choline uptake in brain cholinergic neurons, was given intracerebroventricularly immediately after. Twenty four hours after treatment, mice were tested in an inhibitory avoidance task during five consecutive days, each 24 h apart. Retention performance was impaired by HC-3 when the first re-exposure took place at 2, 7, or 14 d, but the effect was no longer seen when re-exposure occurred 30 d after training. We did not find spontaneous recovery 21 d after training, when memory was retrieved 2 d after training and HC-3 was given immediately after. Although we cannot definitively discard a retrieval deficit, this lack of spontaneous recovery is in accordance with the storage-deficit interpretation. These results confirm and extend previous ones, suggesting that central cholinergic mechanisms are involved in the hypothetical reconsolidation memory processes of an inhibitory avoidance task in mice and also suggest that this participation depends on the "age" of the original memory trace. This implies that the vulnerability of a reactivated memory to a specific treatment, as the one used in this study, inversely correlates with the age of the original memory, and it is likely to determine memory reconsolidation processes.

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“…Evidence for this is the time-dependent nature of retrograde amnesia (RA), i.e., forgetting events that occurred prior to the amnestic insult. It is well established that newly acquired memories are more vulnerable to disruption, while older well-consolidated memories are less likely to be affected (Ribot 1882;Duncan 1949;Mactutus et al 1980;Judge and Quartermain 1982; for review, see Spear and Riccio 1994). This view describes memory loss as an interruption in storage, as older memories are "protected" from the amnestic insult because they have become fully consolidated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reexposure to the amnestic agent alleviates cycloheximide-induced retrograde amnesia for reactivated and extinction memories

Briggs

Olson

2013

Learn. Mem.

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We investigated whether reexposure to an amnestic agent would reverse amnesia for extinction of learned fear similar to that of a reactivated memory. When cycloheximide (CHX) was administered immediately after a brief cue-induced memory reactivation (15 sec) and an extended extinction session (12 min) rats showed retrograde amnesia for both memories. CHX did not produce amnesia for a moderate extinction session (6 min). Re-administering CHX before testing reversed the amnestic effect for both memories (i.e., the memories were recovered). These results are discussed using a modified state dependent model of retrograde amnesia.

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Characteristics of retrograde amnesia following reactivation of memory in mice

Cited by 132 publications

References 14 publications

Behavioral impairments caused by injections of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin after contextual retrieval reverse with time

Behavioral impairments caused by injections of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin after contextual retrieval reverse with time

Post-retrieval effects of icv infusions of hemicholinium in mice are dependent on the age of the original memory

Reexposure to the amnestic agent alleviates cycloheximide-induced retrograde amnesia for reactivated and extinction memories

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