Characteristics of pure-titanium and low carbon steel friction-welded joint with post-weld heat-treatment

Abstract

The characteristics of friction-welded joint between commercially pure-titanium (CP-Ti) and low carbon steel, of which was subjected to post-weld heat-treatment (PWHT), was investigated. When the joint was made with friction speed of 25 s−1, friction pressure of 200 MPa, friction time of 2.5 s and forge pressure of 250 MPa, it had the same tensile strength as that of the CP-Ti base metal. The joint had no intermediate layer consisting of intermetallic compound (IMC interlayer) at the weld interface. The joint efficiency of the joint subjected to PWHT decreased with increasing heating temperature and its holding time, and the joint fractured at the weld interface although it had no IMC interlayer. The void was generated on the weld interface of the joint during PWHT process.

A Review on Diffusion Bonding between Titanium Alloys and Stainless Steels

“…In order to solve these problems, many welding methods have been practiced to investigate the joining between titanium alloys and stainless steels, mainly including brazing welding [7,[16][17][18][19][20], laser welding [2,5,6,[21][22][23][24][25], electronbeam welding [26][27][28][29][30][31], diffusion bonding [32][33][34][35][36], explosive welding [37][38][39][40], and friction stir welding [41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. Cu-based and Ag-based fillers were usually used to braze titanium/steel joints, while scattered brittle intermetallics, such as (Fe,Cu)Ti, Cu 4 Ti 3 , and CuTi [20,48] and Cu 4 Ti and CuTi 2 [7], were induced to the interfaces which were detrimental to the mechanical properties of the joints, and maximum possible tensile strength of the joints was found to be no more than 200 MPa [16][17][18][19][20]…”