Characteristics of prospective memory deficits in HIV-seropositive substance-dependent individuals: Preliminary observations

Martin, Eileen; Nixon, Heather C.; Pitrak, David; Weddington, William W.; Rains, Niles A.; Nunnally, Gerald; Grbesic, Silvana; González, Raúl; Jacobus, Joanna; Bechara, Antoine

doi:10.1080/13803390600800970

Cited by 62 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…First, we examined global indicators of NCI because to our knowledge, no previous NCI assessment has been conducted among Peruvian MSM. Studies elsewhere have shown that various levels of NCI were present among HIV-infected persons [65-67], and that higher NCI levels were associated with decreased ART adherence and increased HIV risk behaviors [22,68]. The high GMI scores in our sample [50.8 (±10.8) of 80 maximum] suggest most participants had some degree of NCI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Alcohol use disorders negatively influence antiretroviral medication adherence among men who have sex with men in Peru

et al. 2014

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Objective-As international guidelines increase access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) globally, ART adherence becomes increasingly important to achieve HIV treatment as prevention (TasP) goals. In the concentrated HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgendered women (TGW) in Lima, Peru, the independent correlates of ART non-adherence were examined to inform treatment intervention priorities.Design-Cross sectional survey of HIV-infected MSM and TGW who are engaged in clinical care in Lima, Peru. Methods-FromJune to August 2012, 302 HIV-infected Peruvian MSM/TGW from three clinical care sites were recruited using convenience sampling to participate in a cross-sectional computer-assisted adherence survey. Several standardized screening measures associated with ART non-adherence were examined in order to determine the independent correlates of optimal (≥90%) and perfect (100%) adherence, which were assessed using logistic regression.Results-Of the 302 participants recruited, 263 (87.1%) were prescribed ART. Among those prescribed ART, 229 (87.1%) reported optimal and 146 (55.5%) reported perfect adherence. The prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUD; 43.2%), alcohol dependence (5.3%), recent drug use (6.0%) and depression (44.5%) was high and most participants had some evidence of neurocognitive impairment. Meeting criteria for having an AUD and depression were collinear (p<0.001). On multivariate analysis, having an AUD was inversely related and the only Conclusions-AUDs are highly prevalent among Peruvian HIV-infected MSM and contribute significantly to ART non-adherence. These findings support the need for screening and treating underlying AUDs. In order to meet HIV TasP goals, evidence-based strategies targeting AUDs are likely to directly improve ART adherence and indirectly improve overall individual health, HIV treatment engagement and reduce transmission to sexual partners among this vulnerable and disproportionally affected population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Alcohol use disorders negatively influence antiretroviral medication adherence among men who have sex with men in Peru

et al. 2014

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“…Although HIV-infected persons show slightly greater deficits in time-based as compared to event-based PM (Martin et al, 2007; Zogg et al, 2011), the latter are nevertheless prevalent and can adversely affect real-world outcomes (e.g., medication adherence; Woods et al, 2009). In addition, although HIV-associated deficits in event-based PM are generally moderate in magnitude (Carey et al, 2006; Rosenthal et al, 2013; Zogg et al, 2011; cf.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, although HIV-associated deficits in event-based PM are generally moderate in magnitude (Carey et al, 2006; Rosenthal et al, 2013; Zogg et al, 2011; cf. Martin et al, 2007), they tend to be exacerbated by increasing the strategic demands of the PM task (Woods et al, 2010; Woods et al, in press). In terms of its neurocognitive correlates, event-based PM deficits in HIV infection are most prevalent among persons with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND, i.e., global neurocognitive dysfunction; Zogg et al, 2011) and are related to impairments in retrospective memory, executive functions, and information processing speed (Zogg et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Allowing brief delays in responding improves event-based prospective memory for young adults living with HIV disease

Loft

Doyle

Naar‐King

et al. 2014

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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Event-based prospective memory (PM) tasks require individuals to remember to perform an action when they encounter a specific cue in the environment, and have clear relevance for daily functioning for individuals with HIV. In many everyday tasks, the individual must not only maintain the intent to perform the PM task, but the PM task response also competes with the alternative and more habitual task response. The current study examined whether event-based PM can be improved by slowing down the pace of the task environment. Fifty-seven young adults living with HIV performed an ongoing lexical decision task while simultaneously performing a PM task of monitoring for a specific word (which was focal to the ongoing task of making lexical decisions) or syllable contained in a word (which was nonfocal). Participants were instructed to refrain from making task responses until after a tone was presented, which occurred at varying onsets (0–1600ms) after each stimulus appeared. Improvements in focal and non-focal PM accuracy were observed with response delays of 600ms. Furthermore, the difference in PM accuracy between the low demand focal PM task and the resource demanding non-focal PM task was reduced by half across increasingly longer delays, falling from 31% at 0ms delay to only 14% at 1600ms delay. The degree of ongoing task response slowing for the PM conditions, relative to a control condition that did not have a PM task and made lexical decisions only, also decreased with increased delay. Overall, the evidence indicates that delaying the task responses of younger HIV-infected adults increased the probability that the PM relevant features of task stimuli were adequately assessed prior to the ongoing task response, and by implication that younger HIV infected adults can more adequately achieve PM goals when the pace of the task environment is slowed down.

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“…Among HIVinfected individuals, problematic alcohol use is associated with worse HIV health outcomes [e.g., 2,5,7,8,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] which ostensibly result in increased HIV symptom severity and lower overall quality of life. Adding to the clinical profile, HIV disease progression (i.e., heightened symptom burden) is commonly associated with neurocognitive impairment [24][25][26][27][28]. Given the high prevalence of alcohol problems among HIV-infected individuals coupled with its observed negative impact on memory functioning, routine screening for problematic alcohol use in HIV care settings is thus imperative [14,89].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HIV disease progression poses significant risk for compromised cognitive efficiency (e.g., executive dysfunction) and memory functioning (as indexed by neuropsychological testing) [24][25][26][27][28], and although antiretroviral therapy (ART) can reduce neurocognitive impairment [29], mild forms still persist in a large proportion of individuals with HIV [30,31]. Of note, cognitive impairment, and memory dysfunction more specifically, is associated with worse treatment outcomes among HIV-infected individuals [27,[32][33][34] and is known to reduce the effectiveness of interventions aimed at optimizing adherence and reducing risk behavior [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problematic Alcohol Use Among Individuals with HIV: Relations with Everyday Memory Functioning and HIV Symptom Severity

et al. 2013

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Problematic alcohol use has been shown to negatively impact cognitive functions germane to achieving optimal HIV health outcomes. The present study, a secondary data analysis, examined the impact of problematic alcohol use on aspects of everyday memory functioning in a sample of 172 HIV-infected individuals (22 % female; M age = 48.37 years, SD = 8.64; 39 % Black/nonHispanic). Additionally, we tested whether self-reported memory functioning explained the relation between problematic alcohol use and HIV symptom severity. Results indicated that problematic patterns of alcohol use were associated with lower total memory functioning, retrieval (e.g., recall-difficulty) and memory for activity (e.g., what you did yesterday) and greater HIV symptom severity. Memory functioning mediated the relation between problematic alcohol use and HIV symptom severity. However, the direction of this relation was unclear as HIV symptom severity also mediated the relation between problematic alcohol use and memory functioning. Findings highlight the importance of integrated care for HIV and alcohol use disorders and suggest that routine alcohol and cognitive screenings may bolster health outcomes among this vulnerable population.

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Characteristics of prospective memory deficits in HIV-seropositive substance-dependent individuals: Preliminary observations

Cited by 62 publications

References 25 publications

Alcohol use disorders negatively influence antiretroviral medication adherence among men who have sex with men in Peru

Alcohol use disorders negatively influence antiretroviral medication adherence among men who have sex with men in Peru

Allowing brief delays in responding improves event-based prospective memory for young adults living with HIV disease

Problematic Alcohol Use Among Individuals with HIV: Relations with Everyday Memory Functioning and HIV Symptom Severity

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