Characteristics of pigments, modification, and their functionalities

Abstract

Novel treatments of pigments with inorganic materials have tremendous industrial and commercial prospects. Specific treatment of pigment has a marked effect on its behavior during application. The treatment allows a broad modification of the surface characteristics of pigment particles which leads to improved functionalities. Surface modification of pigments is achieved via coating, polymerization with modifying reagent, treatment with derivatives or polymers, which alter either the optical, conductivity or dispersibility during processing and application. These and many other distinguishing factors that affect the characteristics of pigments such as the class, crystal structure, particle morphology, particle size, hiding power, pigment volume concentration, surface character, and surface treatment have been reviewed. Various organic pigments such as those from fungus and bacteria, and the various families of pigment types such as metallic pigment, light interference, and diffractive pigments which presents decorative quality such as leafing, nonleafing, pearlscent, and Fabry‐Perot effects on substrates have also been reviewed in addition to those from inorganic sources with emphasis on the structure and physiochemical modifications using metal and nonmetal Ions.

From Cultural Heritage Preservation to Art Craft Education: A Study on Taiwan Traditional Lacquerware Art Preservation and Training

“…After a period, it is oxidized and then transforms into a blackish dark brown color. Natural lacquer sap is an environmentally friendly material that beautifies, protects, and could be painted on various surfaces [6][7][8][9].…”

Environmentally Benign Solution‐Based Procedure for the Fabrication of Metal Oxide Coatings on Metallic Pigments

“…It is known that the thinner a base pigment is, the lower is the amount needed for a hiding coverage in a varnish. [27]…”

“…[7,[23][24][25][26] This additional layer renders the process more difficult and is disadvantageous from a coloristic point of view, as it causes the hiding power to decrease due to the higher pigment thickness. [27,28] An alternative approach is based on a variation of the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique, where a metal oxide precursor e. g. Fe(CO) 5 , is fed into a fluidized-bed reactor together with the base pigment to be coated and heated under an inert atmosphere. Through controlled addition of oxygen or water as oxidizing agents the precursor can be decomposed in a controlled manner (Eq.…”

A new analytical method for the evaluation of cosmetic pigments

“…A variety of pigment attributes can be analyzed for quality control such as particle size, crystal structure, heavy metal content, surface character, surface treatments, and color 5 . The color given by pigments depends on the selective absorption or scattering of light and the physical characteristics of its particles 5,6 . Pigments can be classified into two main categories, organic and inorganic, and are available in both powdered and liquid forms as dispersions 7 .…”