Characteristics of Peaks of Inhalation Exposure to Organic Solvents

Preller, Liesbeth; Burstyn, Igor; Pater, N. de; Kromhout, Hans

doi:10.1093/annhyg/meh045

Cited by 37 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The choice of exposure metric should be based on the most biologically relevant exposure measure in order to diminish misclassification of exposure, thus leading to attenuated exposure-response relationships [24]. Moreover, exposures of short duration (peaks) are of special concern, because they produce an elevated dose rate at target tissues and organs, potentially altering metabolism, overloading protective and repair mechanisms and amplifying tissue responses [24,25]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxic effects in occupational exposure to formaldehyde: A study in anatomy and pathology laboratories and formaldehyde-resins production

Viegas

Ladeira

Nunes

et al. 2010

Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology

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BackgroundAccording to the Report on Carcinogens, formaldehyde ranks 25th in the overall U.S. chemical production, with more than 5 million tons produced each year. Given its economic importance and widespread use, many people are exposed to formaldehyde environmentally and/or occupationally. Presently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies formaldehyde as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), based on sufficient evidence in humans and in experimental animals. Manyfold in vitro studies clearly indicated that formaldehyde can induce genotoxic effects in proliferating cultured mammalian cells. Furthermore, some in vivo studies have found changes in epithelial cells and in peripheral blood lymphocytes related to formaldehyde exposure.MethodsA study was carried out in Portugal, using 80 workers occupationally exposed to formaldehyde vapours: 30 workers from formaldehyde and formaldehyde-based resins production factory and 50 from 10 pathology and anatomy laboratories. A control group of 85 non-exposed subjects was considered. Exposure assessment was performed by applying simultaneously two techniques of air monitoring: NIOSH Method 2541 and Photo Ionization Detection equipment with simultaneously video recording. Evaluation of genotoxic effects was performed by application of micronucleus test in exfoliated epithelial cells from buccal mucosa and peripheral blood lymphocytes.ResultsTime-weighted average concentrations not exceeded the reference value (0.75 ppm) in the two occupational settings studied. Ceiling concentrations, on the other hand, were higher than reference value (0.3 ppm) in both. The frequency of micronucleus in peripheral blood lymphocytes and in epithelial cells was significantly higher in both exposed groups than in the control group (p < 0.001). Moreover, the frequency of micronucleus in peripheral blood lymphocytes was significantly higher in the laboratories group than in the factory workers (p < 0.05). A moderate positive correlation was found between duration of occupational exposure to formaldehyde (years of exposure) and micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes (r = 0.401; p < 0.001) and in epithelial cells (r = 0.209; p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe population studied is exposed to high peak concentrations of formaldehyde with a long-term exposure. These two aspects, cumulatively, can be the cause of the observed genotoxic endpoint effects. The association of these cytogenetic effects with formaldehyde exposure gives important information to risk assessment process and may also be used to assess health risks for exposed workers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxic effects in occupational exposure to formaldehyde: A study in anatomy and pathology laboratories and formaldehyde-resins production

Viegas

Ladeira

Nunes

et al. 2010

Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology

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“…Principal components analysis (PCA) was performed with JMP software using workplace exposure and task input variables to reduce the dimensionality of data and to group correlated variables sharing common, underlying characteristics (Burstyn, 2004; Preller et al, 2004). To characterize dampness and mold exposure at work, responses to five questions were used as input variables and included water damage, condensation, wet carpet, mold growth, and mold odor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current asthma and asthma-like symptoms among workers at a Veterans Administration Medical Center

Kurth

Virji

Storey

et al. 2017

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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Introduction Healthcare workers are at increased risk for respiratory disorders. The purpose of our respiratory health survey was to estimate the prevalence of current asthma and asthma-like symptoms and their association with workplace exposures and tasks among healthcare workers at a Veterans Administration (VA) Medical Center. Material and methods Information on respiratory health and work characteristics, including tasks performed, products used, and exposures, were collected by questionnaire from a convenience sample of workers employed at the VA Medical Center during 2012–2014. Associations of asthma and asthma-like symptoms with cleaning and disinfecting tasks and products as well as exposure to dampness and molds, and construction dust were evaluated using log-binomial regression. Results The prevalence of current asthma was 17.6% and almost half of all workers reported asthma-like symptoms. We observed elevated prevalence of current asthma among the VA healthcare workers compared to the U.S. general and working adult populations. Asthma and asthma-like symptoms were significantly associated with mold, dampness, and construction material exposures; cleaning and disinfecting products; and cleaning or disinfecting tasks. Conclusions Workplace exposures and tasks associated with current asthma and asthma-like symptoms were identified but further research is needed to investigate the temporal association between workplace exposures and current asthma and asthma-like symptoms.

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“…There are settings where duration and intensity of exposure appear to be unrelated within a subject (e.g. for exposures emitted intermittently) [5], and between subjects (e.g. after selection on the basis of vulnerability to exposure, as has been shown to exist in bakers) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What to Do When Accumulated Exposure Affects Health but Only Its Duration Was Measured? A Case of Linear Regression

Burstyn¹,

Barone-Adesi²,

Vocht³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: We considered a problem of inference in epidemiology when cumulative exposure is the true dose metric for disease, but investigators are only able to measure its duration on each subject. Methods: We undertook theoretical analysis of the problem in the context of a continuous response caused by cumulative exposure, when duration and intensity of exposure follow log-normal distributions, such that analysis by linear regression is natural. We present a Bayesian method to adjust duration-only analysis to incorporate partial knowledge about the relationship between duration and intensity of exposure and illustrate this method in the context of association of smoking and lung function. Results: We derive equations that (a) describe under what circumstances bias arises when duration of exposure is used as a proxy of cumulative exposure, (b) quantify the degree of such bias and loss of precision, and (c) describe how knowledge about relationship of duration and intensity of exposure can be used to recover an estimate of the effect of cumulative exposure when only duration was observed on every subject. Conclusions: Under our assumptions, when duration and intensity of exposure are either independent or positively correlated, we can be more confident in qualitatively interpreting the direction of effects that arise from use of duration of exposure per se. To make reliable inference about the magnitude of effect of cumulative exposure on the outcome, we can use external information on the relationship between duration and intensity of exposure even if intensity of exposure is not available at the individual level.

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Characteristics of Peaks of Inhalation Exposure to Organic Solvents

Cited by 37 publications

References 27 publications

Genotoxic effects in occupational exposure to formaldehyde: A study in anatomy and pathology laboratories and formaldehyde-resins production

Genotoxic effects in occupational exposure to formaldehyde: A study in anatomy and pathology laboratories and formaldehyde-resins production

Current asthma and asthma-like symptoms among workers at a Veterans Administration Medical Center

What to Do When Accumulated Exposure Affects Health but Only Its Duration Was Measured? A Case of Linear Regression

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