Characteristics of Patients with Ventricular Septal Defect that Had Been Closed with Transcatheter in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021

Abstract

VSD is the most common congenital heart disease in newborns. VSD can close spontaneously in the early years of life. However, VSD can not close spontaneously in a few patients and cause complications so that it is necessary to perform VSD closure earlier, one of all options is transcatheter. Transcatheter is a minimal invasive procedure with a high success rate and safety also the incidence of cardiorespiratory disturbances are less while using transcatheter devices making it an alternative intervention for VSD closure. This study aims to determine the outcome characteristics and complications of VSD closure with transcatheter intervention. This study was a descriptive observational study using a cross-sectional design with a retrospective approach, based on secondary data. Sampling was done by total sampling technique. A sample of 27 patients was obtained with a mean age of 4.48 ± 3,298 years, an average weight of 17.70 ± 10.5550 kg, and male sex dominated by 55.6%. The most common type of VSD that was closed with a transcatheter was the perimembranous type of 70.4% and the size of the VSD was dominated by the medium size of 85.2%. The transcatheter VSD closure was successful in 24 patients (88.9%) and failed in three (11.1%). Residual shunt developed in one of three patients who failed. The most common complication was arrhythmia with NSVT type of 62,96%. Other complications were PVC 7.4%, aortic valve regurgitation 3.7%, and hypotension 3.7%. Closure of VSD by transcatheterization has a high success rate, no death is found, and there are no major complications that require long-term or life-threatening therapy. All complications found only occurred during transcatheterization, i.e. arrhythmia, mild aortic valve regurgitation, and hypotension.