Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized With 2009 H1n1 Influenza in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern Saudi Arabia

Abstract

BackgroundPandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged and spread globally in the spring of 2009. We describe the clinical features of the patients who were hospitalized with 2009 H1N1 influenza July 2009 to June 2010 in a tertiary care hospital in Khamis Mushyt, Saudi Arabia. We analyzed the clinical and laboratory variables in order to determine predictors of poor outcome.MethodsWe performed a prospective study in all patients who were hospitalized for at least 48 hours and with a positive test for 2009 H1N1 virus through RT-PCR(real time polymerase chain reaction). Their epidemiological, clinical, biochemical characteristics were collected and the hospital course of the patients with eventual outcome (discharge or death) was observed. We applied a logistic regression analysis to determine the best predictor of death.ResultsA total of 52 patients (15 males) were adults and 65 were pediatrics (< 12 years of age) (19 males). The common presenting signs and/or symptoms associated with the disease was fever >38.5 ºC (n=85; 72.6%), dry cough (n=81; 69.2%), dyspnea (n=40; 34.5%), tachycardia (n=96; 83.5%) and saturation less than 90% in room air on pulse oximetry (n=65; 55.6%). The complications included pneumonia (40.2 %), intensive care unit admission (19.2%) and death (16.7%).ConclusionsWe found that hypoxia at admission was the most important predictive factor of poor outcome (death) with area under curve of 0.768.

Epidemiology of respiratory viruses in Saudi Arabia: toward a complete picture

“…In another prospective study conducted from July 2009 to June 2010 at a tertiary-care hospital in Khamis Mushyt, 117 laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza A H1N1 pdm09 were reported. Forty-seven patients developed pneumonia, 22 were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 22 died [80]. Another study documented 47 laboratory-confirmed influenza A H1N1 pdm09 cases among hospitalized patients in a Saudi Arabian hospital [81].…”

Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 epidemiology in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

“…Infection was more common in younger people (median age: 22 years). Generally, a high prevalence of infection among younger people was reported in the KSA during the pandemic [8][9][10][11][12].…”

“…Unlike typical seasonal flu epidemics, 80% of deaths during the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic occurred in people aged ≤65 years [7]. Consistent with this, the KSA observed a high prevalence of infection among younger people during the pandemic [8][9][10][11][12]. Specifically, a study of the first 100 cases revealed the highest inci- dence among people aged 20-30 years, followed by children aged 1-10 years [8].…”

Influenza a H1N1 characteristics on hajj occasion 2018 Makkah Region, KSA.

“…9 Ministry of Health KSA, declared 15850 laboratoryconfirmed cases of H1N1 in 2009. 10 Few studies (Altayep KM et al 4 , Agha A et al 11 , Herzallah HK et al 12 , Affifi RM et al 13 , Bin Saeed AA et al 14 ) done for H1N1 from whole Saudi Arabia.…”