“…Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum(III), AlQ 3 , and bis(8-hydroxyquinoline) zinc(II), ZnQ 2 , were used as-received from Sigma. The other bis or tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) M materials with M = Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu were synthesized in our laboratory, following standard procedures. − Typically, 1 g (6.88 mmol) of 8-hydroxyquinoline, HQ, (Sigma) was dissolved in 150 mL of ethanol; the solution was stirred and heated. A separate solution was prepared with the chosen cation M(II) or M(III) chloride salt in water so that the amount of HQ to metal in the solution is in a 2:1 or 3:1 ratio, respectively.…”