“…The general setup in 1917 included chloroform anesthesia and topical cocaine anesthesia, operating with the naked eye under the light of a bulb, use of commercially available silk sutures, and operating over a period of 4 days by a general eye ear nose throat practitioner. In the Beirut disaster a century later, 14,000 were injured, 219 died [ 1 ], 48 subjects underwent ocular surgery, and 4 received immediate enucleations (8.3%) [ 2 , 3 ]. The general setup included development of better instrumentation (operating microscope, vitrector, phacoemulsification, intraocular lens, intraocular magnet and forceps), smaller sutures with needles, use of viscoelastics, and prompt surgical management by vitreoretinal fellowship-trained ophthalmologists well trained in trauma management.…”