Characteristics of novel ultra-long-period fiber gratings fabricated by high-frequency CO2 laser pulses

Zhu, Tao; Rao, Yunjiang; Wang, J.L.

doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2007.04.032

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…29,71,72 Compared with normal UV-laser exposure technique, the CO 2 laser irradiation technique is easily used to write special gratings such as phase-shifted LPFGs, 28,69 chirped LPFGs, 76 complicated apodized LPFGs, 77 grating pairs, 62 and ultralong period fiber gratings with a period of up to several millimeters. [78][79][80] LPFGs have also been successfully achieved with a CO 2 laser during the fiber-drawing process. 81 So it is possible for the CO 2 laser irradiation technique to continuously write numerous LPFGs with high-quality and low cost in an optical fiber to develop potential distributed sensing systems and communication applications.…”

Section: A To Write Lpfgs In Conventional Glass Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Wang

2010

Journal of Applied Physics

220

134

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This paper presents a systematic review of long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) written by the CO2 laser irradiation technique. First, various fabrication techniques based on CO2 laser irradiations are demonstrated to write LPFGs in different types of optical fibers such as conventional glass fibers, solid-core photonic crystal fibers, and air-core photonic bandgap fibers. Second, possible mechanisms, e.g., residual stress relaxation, glass structure changes, and physical deformation, of refractive index modulations in the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs are analyzed. Third, asymmetrical mode coupling, resulting from single-side laser irradiation, is discussed to understand unique optical properties of the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs. Fourthly, several pretreament and post-treatment techniques are proposed to enhance the efficiency of grating fabrications. Fifthly, sensing applications of the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs are investigated to develop various LPFG-based temperature, strain, bend, torsion, pressure, and biochemical sensors. Finally, communication applications of the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs are investigated to develop various LPFG-based band-rejection filters, gain equalizers, polarizers, and couplers.

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Section: A To Write Lpfgs In Conventional Glass Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Wang

2010

Journal of Applied Physics

220

134

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“…This laser fabrication method used here could also be used to fabricate long‐period and ultra‐long‐period fiber gratings. By CO 2 laser etching, a permanent physical deformation is produced along fiber axis, which is insensitive to temperature changes and thus is able to overcome the performance unstabilty normally encountered using the UV exposure fabrication method [9].…”

Section: Two‐channel Fiber Loop Ring‐down Strain Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Two‐channel fiber microcavity strain sensor based on fiber loop ring‐down spectroscopy technology

Shang

Zhang

Wei

et al. 2012

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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In this article, a two‐channel fiber microcavity strain sensor based on fiber loop ring‐down spectroscopy technology is proposed and implemented. This fiber loop ring‐down strain sensor uses time division multiplexing technique, which involves two fiber loops. These two fiber‐loop resonators share a same pulsed laser source and a same photodetector. The microcavity is directly inscribed in a segment of 1060 nm single mode fiber through high‐frequency CO2 laser pulses illumination. As a sensor unit, the two fiber microcavities accessible to the fiber‐loop resonators are pasted onto the upper and lower surface of a cantilever beam to realize the strain sensing by measuring the ring‐down time of the pulse laser. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1305–1309, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26800

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“…According to [9] and [10], the relative phase-matching condition of ULPFG by using the efficient refractive index concept can be expressed as (1) where is the designed wavelength, and are the effective indices of the fundamental core mode and the cladding mode of the th diffraction order, respectively. is the grating period, and is the diffraction order.…”

Section: B Theory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A LPFG sensor coated an organic thin film was reported by the Lamgmuir-Blodgett technique [8], which enhanced the refractive index sensitivity, but the accuracy of refractive index measurement was affected by environmental temperature variations. A refractive index sensor with temperature self-compensation based on an ultra-long-period fiber grating (ULPFG) was reported by the authors [9], [10], but its sensitivity is relatively Manuscript small. In this paper, an edge-written ultra-long-period fiber grating with periodic groove structure (G-ULPFG) is fabricated by using the high-frequency CO laser pulses method.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Sensitive Optical Refractometer Based on Edge-Written Ultra-Long-Period Fiber Grating Formed by Periodic Grooves

et al. 2009

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An ultra-long-period fiber grating with periodic groove structure (G-ULPFG) fabricated by using an edge-written method with high-frequency CO 2 laser pulses is proposed in this paper. The experimental results show that the different resonant peaks of the G-ULPFG have different temperature and refractive index sensitivities and, in particular, the refractive index sensitivity is much larger than that of conventional ULPFG due to the edge-groove structure. Such a kind of G-ULPFGs could be used as a highly sensitive optical refractometer with temperature self-compensation.

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Characteristics of novel ultra-long-period fiber gratings fabricated by high-frequency CO2 laser pulses

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Two‐channel fiber microcavity strain sensor based on fiber loop ring‐down spectroscopy technology

Highly Sensitive Optical Refractometer Based on Edge-Written Ultra-Long-Period Fiber Grating Formed by Periodic Grooves

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