“…Department of Health, 1999a). Although a dearth of research on the effects of self-help groups, in particular, has been cited (Kessler, Mickelson, & Zhao, 1997), there is a growing body of literature on outcomes associated with participation in mutual support groups, self-help organizations, and consumeroperated services (Davidson et al, 1999;Hall, Graf, Fitzpatrick, Lane, & Birkel, 2003;Kyrouz & Humphreys, 1997;Solomon & Draine, 2001;Sommers, Campbell, & Ritttenhouse, 1999) and some descriptive studies on their characteristics and the characteristics of the people using them (Briggs, 1996;Chamberlin, Rogers, & Ellison, 1996;Emerick, 1989;Friesen, 1991;Hall et al, 2003;Kaufmann, Schulberg, & Schooler, 1994;Segal, Silverman, & Temkin, 1995;Segal, Hardiman, & Hodges, 2002;Trainor, Shepherd, Boydell, Leff, & Crawford, 1997;VanTosh & del Vecchio, 2000). Models for classifying mental health self-help services and supports also exist for both consumer (Emerick, 1989;Trainor et al, 1997) and family groups and organizations (Briggs & Koroloff, 1995;Davidson et al, 1999;Freisen, 1991;Koroloff & Briggs, 1996).…”