Characteristics of Micrometer and Submicrometer Size O/W Emulsions Produced by Ramond Supermixer®

Aggregation and Disruption Mechanisms of Nanoparticulate Aggregates. 2. Dispersion of Aggregates Using a Motionless Mixer

“…As N further increased from 2 to 3, the dispersion of aggregates reached a dynamic equilibrium stage, and an increase of surface area available for dispersion by superimposing N resulted in no remarkable effect. In our previous paper studying micrometer and submicrometer emulsions with the same mixer, we obtained a continuous reduction of droplet diameters with an increase of N. 5 In nanosuspensions, the resulting aggregates were strong enough to avoid further breakage due to the turbulent forces, thus reaching a dynamic equilibrium at such low N. |ζ| exhibited no dependency on N.…”

“…Since the power raised to V L is >2, it can be easily assumed that the flow inside the mixer is in fully turbulence. 5 Effects of Operation Variables on Hydrodynamic Mean Diameter, Zeta Potential, and Geometric Standard Deviation. The effects of operation variables on hydrodynamic mean diameter, zeta potential, and geometric standard deviation of the particle-size distribution of suspensions passing through RSM are discussed below in the respective subsections.…”

“…The energy dissipation rate per unit mass of liquid and unit pass (ε w,MM ) was obtained for RSM as follows: The void volume of mixer unit ( V MM ) was determined by water displacement, and the correlation of pressure difference with process variables was expressed as Δ P MM = 0.270 × 10 6 V L 2.08 N 0.815 (Pa). Since the power raised to V L is >2, it can be easily assumed that the flow inside the mixer is in fully turbulence 6 Influence of φ on d m and |ζ| at N = 10, n = 1, and η c = 1 mPa·s and for SiO 2 at various d 0 and V L = 0.373 m·s -1 , and for ZrO 2 and TiO 2 at various V L .

7 Influence of φ on the particle-size distribution at V L = 0.373 m·s -1 , N = 10, n = 1, and η c = 1 mPa·s.

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