Characteristics of Metal-Polymer Interactions in Fracturing Fluid Systems

Kramer, Jeffrey F.; Prud'homme, Robert Krafft; Norman, Lewis R.; Sandy, J. M.

doi:10.2118/16914-ms

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The improvement of gel strength and the possibility of reducing the concentration of natural polymer in the drilling mud (cost reduction) can be obtained by applying modifications with the use of appropriate metal ions. The possibility of reducing the polymer concentration in the drilling mud in this case is a result of significant increase in viscosity due to the molecular weight increase (Kramer et al, 1987;Harris, 1993;Himes et al, 1994;Queiroz and Santos, 2000;Lomba, 2002;Suresh Kumar et al, 2012;Dupas et al, 2013;Luyster et al, 2016;Zhu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Biopolymers Usage In Drilling Mudsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drilling muds with stable rheological parameters using modified natural polymers

Zima¹

2019

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This paper presents a study on the possible use of scleroglucan and guar gum mixture modified with aluminum ions as a part of a drilling mud. Currently, the most popular structure-directing agent for dispersed water-base drilling mud is the xanthan biopolymer (XCD). Scleroglucan is alternate structure-directing agent which can be used in a drilling mud, particularly in high temperature conditions. It has a completely nonionic character and creates a structure composed of polymer chains twisted in the form of a triple helix. Such build is characterized by high thermal resistance, multivalent metals cations resilience and salinity. Scleroglucan shows better capability in limiting water filtration than XCD especially in high temperatures. With that in mind its use is justified in the case of deep well. Improvement of rheologically-structural parameters of drilling muds can be achieved by using guar gum modified with use of trivalent ions, e.g. aluminum. This allows to reduce polymer concentration in drilling mud, resulting from a significant increase in viscosity due to the growth in molecular weight. Using scleroglucan in drilling mud composition combined with modified guar gum assures proper rheological parameters of drilling mud in low temperature as well as in high temperature. The combination of these two polymers enable the development of a drilling mud, which is characterized by the unique stability of its parameters in a wide temperature range. It is expected to reduce the expenditure on controlling drilling mud parameters during drilling due to combination of this type of agents in the drilling mud composition. In order to ensure an appropriate level of claystone hydration inhibition the addition of polyglycol was used in the composition of drilling muds, which in the proposed compositions additionally ensures appropriate technological parameters of drilling mud in borehole conditions. The paper proposes drilling mud compositions characterized by a special stability of rheological parameters in increased temperature. The most favorable properties of the drilling mud were obtained using a combination of xanthan, scleroglucan and guar gum modified with aluminum ions in its composition. By changing the type and concentration of individual polymers, we can design rheological parameters of drilling mud in the selected temperature range.

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Section: Biopolymers Usage In Drilling Mudsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drilling muds with stable rheological parameters using modified natural polymers

Zima¹

2019

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“…The performance of a fracturing fluid is governed by the chemical effects from polymer type, crosslinker, breakers, gel stabilizer, and pH control, as well as physical effects from mechanical degradation Conventional guar and guar-based polymers, such as hydroxypropyl guar (HPG) and carboxymethyl hydroxylpropyl guar (CMHPG), have been used in fracturing fluids preparation for many decades. These polysaccharides can be used as simple solutions (liner gel) or as crosslinked gel with boron, zirconium, titanium, aluminum, or chromium crosslinkers (Harris 1993;Harris and Heath 1998;Kramer et al 1986;Kramer et al 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sulfur-Free and Biodegradable Gel Stabilizer for High Temperature Fracturing Applications

Prakash

Songire

2015

Day 2 Tue, September 15, 2015

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For a successful hydraulic fracturing operation, two of the most important properties required from fracturing fluids are transport proppant into the fractured zone and minimum damage to formation and proppant pack conductivity. As the fluid is pumped downhole, it experiences thermal and shear thinning. Shear recovery and thermal stability are critical in terms of successful fracture creation and proppant placement. These fluid properties can be controlled by proper selection of crosslinker and linkable groups. Thermal stability of fluid at high temperatures can be increased by proper selection of gel stabilizers and it also reduces the amount of gelling agent to be used. Conventional gel stabilizer contains sulfur which could contribute to H 2 S gas when consumed by sulfate reducing bacteria. H 2 S gas is not only corrosive in nature but also harmful to health and thus, although it performs well, several operators seek sulfur-free stabilizers that can perform equivalent to sulfur-based compounds.This paper describes a sulfur-free gel stabilizer developed for enhancing the stability of fracturing fluid, allowing a lower concentration of gelling agent. This gel stabilizer is sulfur-free, nonhazardous, and biodegradable. It also provides better stability for fluids compared to conventional sulfur containing gel stabilizers.Further showcased is the improvement in stability of crosslinked fracturing fluid using the sulfur-free stabilizer under high temperature (HT) conditions of 280 to 320°F. Rheological tests performed using a Chandler high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) viscometer with and without stabilizer are discussed. Results shows a significant change in terms of fluid stability in the presence of this new stabilizer as it provides better stability compared to conventional sulfur containing stabilizer. Also, shear sensitivity tests performed under multiple high shear rate cycles between 100-935-1700 s -1 showed excellent shear recovery after every high shear cycle by completely rehealing in less than 30 seconds.

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“…Traditional fracturing fluids are crosslinked gels of polysaccharides with borate, zirconate, or titanate (Harris 1993;Harris and Heath 1998;Clark and Barkat 1989;Kramer et al 1986;Kramer et al 1987). These fracturing fluids have been used for many years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of High Temperature Fracturing Fluid

Prakash

Achalpurkar

Uppuluri

2014

Day 4 Thu, November 13, 2014

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Hydraulic fracturing has remained a fundamental technique for stimulation of oil and gas reservoirs for enhanced or economic recovery of hydrocarbons from tight formations. Transporting proppant downhole without any interruption and maximum recovery of fracturing fluids are two important criteria for successful hydraulic fracturing. To achieve such objectives, the fracturing fluid should demonstrate good viscosity and complete cleanup of gelling agents. As wells are exploited at greater depths in environments of higher temperature and pressure, fracturing fluid selection is key. Fracturing fluids prepared by crosslinking guar, guar derivatives, and other naturally occurring polymers with borate or metal crosslinkers often exhibit instability at very high temperatures. The key reason for instability of the fracturing fluid is because strength of the bonds between the polymer chain and crosslinker decreases sharply in addition to breakdown of the glycosidic bonds between monomer units of the polymer chain beyond 375°F. Additionally, metal crosslinked bonds are prone to shear degradation, creating doubt for a successful job in high temperature long reach wells.To address these issues, a synthetic gelling-agent-based fracturing fluid that can work at temperatures greater than 400°F was developed. The gelling agent is a terpolymer, which can be crosslinked with a zirconium-based crosslinker. This paper discusses evaluation and performance of an extreme temperature fracturing fluid. This fracturing fluid system has sufficient proppant carrying viscosity and provides efficient cleanup using delayed oxidized breaker. Analysis of fluid stability and delayed oxidizing breaker usage is presented in addition to performance parameters, such as regained permeability and fluid loss. The study illustrates performance of the synthetic gelling-agent-based fracturing fluid at temperatures ranging from 380 to 420°F.

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Characteristics of Metal-Polymer Interactions in Fracturing Fluid Systems

Cited by 23 publications

References 4 publications

Drilling muds with stable rheological parameters using modified natural polymers

Drilling muds with stable rheological parameters using modified natural polymers

A Sulfur-Free and Biodegradable Gel Stabilizer for High Temperature Fracturing Applications

Performance Evaluation of High Temperature Fracturing Fluid

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